Royal Air Force

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National origin Swiss..

2010 July 8 – The first 24-hour flight by a solar-powered plane is completed by the Solar Impulse is a Swiss long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft project, and also the name of the project's two operational aircraft..The privately financed project is led by Swiss engineer and businessman André Borschberg and Swiss psychiatrist and aeronaut Bertrand Piccard, who co-piloted Breitling Orbiter 3, the first balloon to circle the world non-stop..The Solar Impulse project intends to achieve the first circumnavigation of the Earth by a piloted fixed-wing aircraft using only solar power..The aircraft's major design constraint is the capacity of the lithium polymer batteries..In addition to the charge stored in its batteries, the aircraft uses the potential energy of height gained during the day to power its night flights...

http://www.solarimpulse.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Impulse
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...0&postcount=13How many times have the weathermen told you stories that made you laugh?.You know its not unlike the politicains and the leaders, when they do things by halves..There's always the sun...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...postcount=2950

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Promotional Poster..

Major Thomas Egan is an officer with the U.S. Air Force stationed at an Air Force Base near Las Vegas, Nevada..He is a former F-16 Falcon pilot, married, with 2 children who live with him in a suburban house off-base..His current assignment involves flying armed MQ-9 Reaper drones in foreign air space in support of the U.S. War on Terror..The Reaper is also used by the US Navy, the CIA, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, NASA, and others..


Who gets the job?.Of pushing the knob..

General Atomics began development of the Reaper with the "Predator B-001", a proof-of-concept aircraft, which first flew on 2 February 2001..Reaper with the "Predator B-001",Abraham Karem is the designer of the Predator..Abraham Karem was born in Baghdad on June 27, 1937 to a Jewish couple..His family moved to Israel in 1951, where he grew up..He built his first drone during the Yom Kippur war for the Israeli Air Force..In the 1970s, he emigrated to the US..He founded Leading Systems Inc. in his home garage, where he started manufacturing his first drone, Albatross, and later on, the more sophisticated Amber, which eventually evolved into the famous Predator drone, which brought him the title of "dronefather"...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Kill
http://www.flickeringmyth.com/2015/0...ood-kill-2014/
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...27&postcount=4We are unfashioned creatures, but half made up, if one wiser, better, dearer than ourselves..such a friend ought to be..do not lend his aid to perfectionate our weak and faulty natures...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=211

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Enstrom Corporation..

007 Spectre- Helicopter/Mexico Scene..

1986 October 1 – U.S. President Reagan signs the Goldwater–Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the US Department of Defense (DOD) since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947-Smollett-Bell was born Jurnee Diana Smollett in NYC\2-Belle was born as Camilla Belle Routh in California-Thomas Hudson is an English actor-Founded by William Hamley as "Noah's Ark" in High Holborn/3 – TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron, officially opens at Chalk River Laboratories\4 - Yuridia won second place in the 4th season of La Academia, a popular Mexican reality show/5-Veličković was seen as the first target of Real Madrid's new coach\6-Tereza rose to fame as a member of the trio Black Milk since 2001-Olivia J. Thirlby is best known for her roles as Leah/7-Stevens West is a graduate of Beverly Hills High School-The first edition of The Independent newspaper is published\9 -US District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne 5th federal official removed from office through impeachment-News Corporation completes its acquisition of the Metromedia group of companies, launching the Fox Broadcasting Company-The Phantom of the Opera opens at Her Majesty's Theatre in London-Manaudou is now dating Fréro Delavega singer Jérémy Frérot– "Babes in the Wood" murders..Two girls, Nicola Fellows (aged 9) and Karen Hadaway (aged 10), are reported missing in Moulsecoomb, Brighton/10 – The 5.7 Mw San Salvador EQ shook El Salvador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent)..Up to 1,500 people were killed-Nathan Born at the Royal Hospital for Women in the Sydney suburb of Paddington..


Damage caused by the EQ..

11 – Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe\12 – Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China-Marcus appeared with Bow Wow/13-Agbonlahor came through the youth ranks at local club Aston Villa\14-Matthews was born in San Antonio, Texas-Shaye was 8 years old in The Tin Soldier directed by her godfather, actor Jon Voight– The MetroCentre shopping complex built on the Tyneside Enterprise Zone, is opened/15-Donghae was born in Mokpo, South Jeolla Province, South Korea\16 – Olympic Committee chooses Albertville, France to be the host city of the 92 Winter Olympics and Barcelona, Spain to be the host city of the Summer Olympics-Pickering is a former student of the Royal Latin School and got pointed by his P.E teacher Adam Izzard/17-Mohombi was born to a Swedish mother and a Congolese father\18 - Eho Mia Agapi-Runaway-Bang Bang-Erotiko-Baby Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood/19 – Mozambican president Samora Machel's plane crashes in South Africa-President Machel and 33 others died,including ministers and officials of the Mozambican government\20-Taylor was discovered at age 18 by the agent of a model friend..


PLANET OF THE MONKEYS - Lady Hecate..

21 – The Marshall Islands become an associated state under the Compact of Free Association-The Tsarnaevs were forcibly moved from Chechnya to the Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan in the years following World War II-Christopher born in Mexico City to a Mexican father and German-Swedish mother was cast in El diario de Daniela/22-Gallner was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania – In NYC, WNBC Radio's traffic helicopter crashes into the Hudson River, killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker..The last words heard on-the-air are Dornacker's screams of terror, "Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!"-On April 18,, Dornacker was reporting from a WNBC helicopter over the Hackensack River when the aircraft crashed into the river-She and the pilot survived and were able to swim to shore-Certified April 1965-Kara Lang is married to Ricky Romero\23-Briana In Hell, which is a Carnival, Lucifer's second-in-command, The Ticket Keeper, rallies the Carnies in a Big-Top circus tent-Stroup's a "reaper" who works for the Devil by retrieving souls that have escaped from Hell/24 – The UK breaks off diplomatic relations with Syria over links to the Hindawi Affair–Looking back on his early life, Drake had to essentially live two different lives because of his parents' divorce- Lambda Sigma Gamma Sorority Inc. is founded at Sacramento State by Linda V. Fuentes and 26 Founding Mothers\26-Jeffrey Archer resigns over allegations concerning prostitutes - Clarke currently resides in Hampstead, London– Bus deregulation goes into effect in the UK, except Greater London and NI...

http://www.neokoroi.org/religion/gods/hecate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enstro...er_Corporation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_S...dor_earthquake
http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/23/ny...-reporter.html
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...1&postcount=47What do you all know about da'at?.Everybody got to dye sometime, Red..What the hell's the matter with you, Taylor?.You are one simple son of a bitch, it's politics, man, led around on a LEISH!..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=546

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Bond Air Services..

Jim Murphy describes Glasgow's helicopter crash..

The aircraft was a twin-engined Eurocopter EC135 T2+, serial 0546, registered G-SPAO and manufactured in 2007..The pilot was 51-year-old David Traill; Traill had flown Chinook helicopters in the RAF for 20 years, latterly as an instructor..(646 hours of flight experience on the EC135)..The helicopter carried 2 police observers, PCs Kirsty Nelis and Tony Collins..At the time of the Incident it had flown for 6,351 hours and made 9,385 landings..The flight, callsign SP99, was initially involved in the search for a suspected trespasser on railway lines around Eglinton Toll (St Andrew's Cross)..It was then tasked to Dalkeith in Midlothian, around 44 miles (71 km) east of its base, before returning to the Glasgow area..A few minutes before the crash, the pilot had received air traffic control clearance to return to Glasgow City Heliport..At 22:22, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of its home base, the helicopter came down on the flat roof of the Clutha Vaults bar..(Clutha is Latin for the River Clyde, which is adjacent to the pub).. No distress call was made..A ska band, Esperanza, was playing in the pub at the time of the crash and there were reported to be around 120 people in the building, some of whom were trapped by the collapsing roof..32 people were injured, 11 of them seriously..Police appealed for copies of any footage of the scene before or after the incident..The final report was published on 23 October 2015..The Clutha Vaults, 169 Stockwell Street building is a former tenement which used to have multiple storeys, but after a fire in the 60's the upper storeys were removed..They worshipped, so they said, the Great Old Ones who lived ages before there were any men..and formed a cult which had never died..Latitude 55° N Longitude 4° W..


The RAF Chinook display team DemonStrate the daring manoeuvre..

21 November –31 people are killed by a truck bomb in northeastern Iraq - It is reported that 3 women believed to have been held as slaves for the last 3 decades were rescued from a residence in London on 25 October-Perkins was a right-handed batsman who bowled both slow left-arm orthodox and left-arm medium pace – Euromaidan pro-EU demonstrations begin in Ukraine/22-During a performance at Howsham Village Hall on 9 Nov 2013 Dawson collapsed with a heart attack-"The Barley Mow" has become a drinking song sung while comrades empty their glasses-A barley mow is a stack (mow) of barley, especially barley that was cultivated and then harvested-2013 World Chess..Magnus Carlsen defeats Viswanathan Anand\23-Manny Pacquiao defeats American Brandon Rios/24– 101st CFL Grey Cup-Iran agrees to limit their nuclear development program in exchange for sanctions relief-Leigh-Pemberton was educated at St Peter's Court, then at Eton College..His brother, Jeremy is a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent and is the parish chairman for the neighbouring parish of Wormshill-64th Formula One: Sebastian Vettel wins by 155 points-40th American Music Awards: Swift & Timberlake win\25-William Anthony "Bill" Foulkes was an English footballer who played for Man United in the Busby Babes teams of the 50s-Although the majority of Lane's short stories can be categorised as horror or dark fantasy, his novels are more overtly mainstream-John Shaw has been likened to the broadcaster John Peel-The Allisons were an English pop duo-Foreststorn "Chico" Hamilton, was an American jazz drummer and bandleader-17 people are killed and 37 are wounded in a cafe bombing in Baghdad, Ira q/26 –Salmond launches the White Paper - The Reverend John Galbraith Graham MBE (16 February 1921) best known as Araucaria of The Guardian, like his father, a Church of England priest-Stennett was born in Pencoed, Bridgend..During World War II, he served and worked as an entertainer-William Henry Stevenson was a British-born Canadian Called Intrepid -אָרִיק אַייִנְשְׁטָייִן‎, was a pioneer of Israeli rock music and was named "the voice of Israel..The Novel of the Black Seal" has been cited as a model for some of Lovecraft's best-known stories: "The Call of Cthulhu"..

27 –Reginald Thomas Simpson (27 February 1920) was an English cricketer, who played in 27 Tests from 1948 to 55-Following a trial at Northampton Crown Court, businessman Anxiang Du is convicted of the 2011 murder of a family of 4 in a revenge attack after losing a legal case against them-They were all stabbed to death at their home in Pioneer Close, part of the re-developed Royal Pioneer Corps' Simpson Barracks in Wootton, a modern suburb of Northampton just over 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the town centre..Simpson was educated at Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bedford School, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich...The Corps remained there until they were amalgamated with units to form the Royal Logistic Corps and the barracks closed in 1993...Du the Ding family were killed around 2 hours later at around3:30 pm..Jeff 23 times, Helen 13 times, Xing 11 times and Alice 4 times..He the Dings' car was abandoned in St. John's Wood, where it remained for 11 days and accrued 9 parking tickets..Among the Hui Muslims, the surname Ding is thought to originate from the last syllable of the Arabic honorific "ud-Din" or "al-Din"..Na, Su, La, and Ding-with the descendants of Shams al-Din's son, Nasruddin, who "divided" their ancestor's name..The earliest record of this surname in history was the Duke of Ding during the Shang Dynasty-Nílton dos Santos (The Encyclopedia) Born in Rio de Janeiro, a pioneering left back, being one of first full backs to participate in the offensive game-Tiger Woods is named PGA Tour's player of the year for the 11th time-Greece becomes the first developed market to be demoted into an emerging market by the MSCI index-In The Professionals, Collins played the role of William Bodie, a former mercenary-turned-SAS trooper-"Frozen", the highest-grossing animated Movie of all time..The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents Dinger...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_G...licopter_crash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_m...he_Ding_family
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/arti...F-airshow.html
http://www.dagonbytes.com/thelibrary...lofcthulhu.htm
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...6&postcount=63This term I've just one thing to say to you..One rule..Follow it and you won't go wrong..And it is this Work..Play but but don't mix the two of them'..Just remember that life here is a matter of give and take..We are your new family and you must expect the Rough and tumble that goes with any family life..You find here in College House a discipline not only of your mothers but also to help yourselves..help the Haus and you'll be helped by the house.. And, as such, you must be punished...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...postcount=1011

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RAF's New Helicopters (1963)..
http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/west_wessex.php

In 1956, an American-built S-58 was shipped to Britain for Westland to use as a pattern aircraft.,Initially assembled with its Wright Cyclone, it was demonstrated to the British armed services leading to a preliminary order for the Royal Navy..For British production, it was re-engined with a single Napier Gazelle turboshaft engine, first flying in that configuration on 17 May 1957..The lighter (by 600 lb) Gazelle engine meant some redistribution of weight..The first Westland-built Wessex serial XL727, designated a Wessex HAS.1, first flew on 20 June 1958..The first production Wessex HAS1 were delivered to Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA) in early 1960; the Wessex was the first helicopter operated by the FAA to be purpose-designed from scratch as an anti-submarine platform..The Wessex was first used by the Royal Navy, which introduced the Wessex HAS.1 to operational service in 1961..The RAN formally accepted the first 2 of 27 Wessex helicopters in September 1963..The Wessex often found itself being used on the battlefield as a utility transport; as well as delivering supplies and equipment, the Wessex could also transport small groups of troops..The Anglo-Saxons believed that Wessex was founded by Cerdic & Cynric, but this may be a legend..


Troops embarking on a Westland Wessex during a training exercise..

The Wessex's service career featured long-term deployments to both Hong Kong and Northern Ireland to support internal security operations, performing transport and surveillance missions..Wessex helicopters were also used by the Queen's Flight of the RAF to transport VIPs including members of the British Royal Family..In 1962, an international crisis arose as Indonesia threatened confrontation over the issue of Brunei, which was not in the newly formed Federation of Malaya..Having removed much of the anti-submarine equipment to lighten the aircraft, during the campaign in Borneo the Wessex was typically operated as a transport helicopter, capable of ferrying up to 16 troops or a 4,000 pound payload of supplies directly to the front lines..Around 55 Westland Wessex HU.5s participated in the Falklands War, fighting in the South Atlantic in 1982..The early 4th century CE was a peaceful time in Roman Britain..

Their prime role was the landing, and moving forward, of Rapier missile systems, fuel, artillery and ammunition.. On 21 May 1982, 845 Squadron's Wessex HU.5s supported British landings on East Falkland..The type was heavily used throughout the conflict for the transportation and insertion of British special forces, including members of the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS)..A total of nine Wessex (eight HU.5s and one HAS.3) were lost during the Falklands campaign..Two HU.5s of 845 Squadron crashed on the Fortuna Glacier in South Georgia during an attempt to extricate members of the SAS, six of 848 Squadron's Wessex HU.5s were lost when the container ship Atlantic Conveyor was sunk and the HAS.3 aboard HMS Glamorgan (D19) was destroyed when the ship was struck by an Exocet missile..Capacity: 16 troops or 8 stretchers..The De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, written by Gildas, contains the best preservation of the Welsh tradition...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westland_Wessex
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=224It is your killer instinct which must be harnessed if you expect to survive in combat..In other words, the power of the "demons" that have taken possession of you during Satanic ritual..A day without blood is like a night without moonshine..On other occasions the "soul" of the sacrifice will be transferred to a participant of the ritual...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...postcount=1483

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Folgers in Your Cup..


What Is And What Should Never Be+Royal Albert Hall ..

Led Zeppelin II was conceived during a hectic and much-travelled period of Zeppelin's career from January through August 1969, when they completed 4 European and 3 American concert tours..Each song was separately recorded, mixed and produced at various studios in the UK and North America..What is and What Should Never Be was one of the first songs on which Page used his soon-to-become trademark Gibson Les Paul for recording..Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 11 (Jasta 11) was founded on 28 September 1916 from elements of 4 Armee's Kampfeinsitzerkommandos (or KEKs) 1, 2 and 3 and mobilized on 11 October as part of the German Air Service's expansion program, forming impermanent specialised fighter squadrons, or "Jastas"..It became the most successful fighter squadron in the Luftstreitkräfte..Some of the recording studios used by the band were not the most advanced..One studio in Vancouver, credited as "a hut", had an 8-track set up that did not even have proper headphone facilities..Recorded April–August 1969 in London, Los Angeles, Vancouver & New York City...


Kurt Wolff After claiming 33 victories, was killed in action at the age of 22...

April 20-British troops arrive in Northern Ireland to reinforce the Royal Ulster Constabulary-A grassroots movement of Berkeley community members seizes an empty lot owned by the University of California, to begin the formation of "People's Park"-Slomka studied international politics and economics (Volkswirtschaftslehre) at university of Cologne/21-Stephens, the younger son of actors Dame Maggie Smith and Sir Robert Stephens, was born in London\22 – Robin Knox-Johnston becomes the first person to sail around the world solo without stopping-Dion Dublin is an English former footballer and TV presenter. Born in Leicester, he was capped 4 times for England/24 – Recently formed British Leyland launches their first new model, the Austin Maxi in Portugal\25-Vanessa Beecroft's work addresses conceptual concerns as well as aesthetic concerns-Buck was born in St. Petersburg, Florida-Zellweger is of Swiss, Norwegian, Kven (Finnish), and Sami ancestry..Her father, Emil Erich Zellweger, is from Au, a small town in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland..Her mother, Kjellfrid Irene (née Andreassen), is a native of Norway raised in a family of "lazy Catholics and Episcopalians"/26-Morihei Ueshiba (植芝 盛平, December 14, 1883) was a martial artist and founder of the Japanese martial art of aikido.He is often referred to as "the founder" Kaiso (開祖?) or Ōsensei (大先生/翁先生?), "Great Teacher"– Manchester City F.C. won the FA Cup\28 – Charles de Gaulle steps down as president of France after suffering defeat in a referendum the day before– Leeds United won the Football League First Division..

August 8-The Beatles at 11:30 have photographer Iain Macmillan take their photo on a zebra crossing on Abbey Road-A fire breaks out in Bannerman's Castle in the Hudson River; most of the roof collapses and crashes down to the lower levels-The daughter of a mining engineer and a revolutionary music soprano, Wong Fei was born in Beijing in the midst of China's Cultural Revolution/9-The Haunted Mansion attraction opens at Disneyland California..Later versions open in Florida, Tokyo and Paris-Followers of Charles Manson murder Sharon Tate, (who was 8 months pregnant), and her friends-Troy Eugene Percival is a former Major League Baseball pitcher-Cecil Frank Powell, FRS (5 December 1903) was an English physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a subatomic particle-At a time when barbers charged a dollar or two to cut men's hair, Sebring charged $50 and up\10-Drummond was born in Salmon Arm, British Columbia..A graduate of the acclaimed Studio 58/11-Jensen was born in Annan, Scotland to Margaret and Ivar Jensen-At the age of 8, de Lima began working with his father as a peasant in farms near his hometown\12-Tikaram started singing in nightclubs while she was still a teenager and came to the attention of WEA Records/13-Midori Ito-Midori Itō (伊藤みどりNagoya) is a Japanese former figure skater\14 – Woolf was born in London, the third of 10 children of Solomon Rees Sidney Woolf , a barrister and Queen's Counsel, and Marie (née de Jongh). His family was Jewish-British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland following the 3-day Battle of the Bogside...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folgers
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064036/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Wolff_(publisher)
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...8&postcount=51Do you type?.You mean ..with a machine?.I don't mean to sound too forward..My name is Catherine..On the average for that type of party, I'd say it was average..I'm supposed to be your new secretary..Good..I'm used to working for swingers..I Met a girl last night and we're going to Paris..Would you get my wife..on the phone?..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=548

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1952 Civil Defense..

Operation LAC (Large Area Coverage), was a U.S. Army Chemical Corps operation which dispersed microscopic zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) particles over much of the United States..September 1950-Six simulated attacks were conducted upon the San Francisco Bay Area.. Operation Dew consisted of 2 sets of trials, Dew I and Dew II..It was concluded that long range aerosol clouds could obtain hundreds of miles of travel and large area coverage when disseminated from ground level under certain meteorological conditions..In addition, army admitted to spraying in Minnesota locations from 1953 into the mid-1960s..1957-North Sea, East coast of Britain.. it was shown that large area coverage with particles was feasible under most meteorological conditions..The tests were designed to determine the dispersion and geographic range of biological or chemical agents..Stations on the ground tracked the fluorescent zinc cadmium sulfide particles..During the first test and subsequently, much of the material dispersed ended up being carried by winds into Canada..The December 2, 1957 test was incomplete due to a mass of cold air coming down from Canada.. It carried the particles from their drop point and then took a turn northeast, taking most of the particles into Canada with it.. Military operators considered the test a partial success because some of the particles were detected 1,200 miles away, at a station in New York state.. The purpose was to determine the dispersion and geographic range of biological or chemical agents..


A C-119 Flying Boxcar, the type of plane used to release the chemicals..

Unethical human experimentation in the US describes numerous experiments performed on human test subjects in the US that have been considered unethical, and were often performed illegally, without the knowledge, consent, or informed consent of the test subjects.. Such tests have occurred throughout American history, but particularly in the 20th century..The experiments include: the deliberate infection of people with deadly or debilitating diseases, exposure of people to biological and chemical weapons, human radiation experiments, injection of people with toxic and radioactive chemicals, surgical experiments, interrogation and torture experiments, tests involving mind-altering substances, and a wide variety of others.. Many of these tests were performed on children, the sick, and mentally disabled individuals, often under the guise of "medical treatment"..In many of the studies, a large portion of the subjects were poor, racial minorities or prisoners..In 1957, atmospheric nuclear explosions in Nevada, which were part of Operation Plumbbob were later determined to have released enough radiation to have caused from 11,000 to 212,000 excess cases of thyroid cancer among U.S. citizens who were exposed to fallout from the explosions, leading to between 1,100 and 21,000 deaths..


Supertramp-It is restricted from playback on certain sites -The bio logical song !.UMG..

Bacillus globigii was used to simulate biological warfare agents (such as Anthrax), because it was then considered a contaminant with little health consequence to humans however, BG is now considered a human pathogen..Most of the strains in use are derivatives of a lineage of B. atrophaeus that originated at Camp Detrick in the 1950s, where many modern biocontainment procedures were developed..Modern phylogenetic analyses using multiple genetic methods have placed B. atrophaeus close to B. subtilis..Its original and still most prominent use is as a surrogate organism for pathogenic B. anthracis, beginning in the U.S. bio-weapons program, as its pigmentation readily facilitated discrimination from non-pigmented background organisms in environmental samples.. Bacillus atrophaeus is a species of black-pigmented bacteria..Its type strain is NRRL NRS-213...

Another day/night of chemtrails & low flying kraft spraying their poison and disturbing the peace..

Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the world's population..Project GABRIEL had opened a wide range of questions about formation, transformation, fallout and biological hazards due to bomb debris..

Through the 19th and early 20th centuries, coal miners would bring canaries down to the tunnels with them as an early detection system against life-threatening gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane..

A car was parked outside, and one of the metal pipes that Dr. Widmann had brought connected the exhaust of the car to the pipe in the wall..The car engine was turned on and the carbon monoxide began seeping into the room..After 8 minutes, the people in the room were still alive..A second car was connected to the other pipe in the wall..Mi Cockney Sparrow - A dying breed..It's 2016 at the time of updating this page and it's been years since the Sparrows disappeared..Nobody seems to know why !..

The 2 cars were operated simultaneously, and a few minutes later all those in the room were dead..

Our society is run by insane people for insane objectives..I think we're being run by maniacs for maniacal ends and I think I'm liable to be put away as insane for expressing that..That's what's insane about it..UMG co-developed Vevo...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_LAC
http://www.barryoneoff.co.uk/cockneys.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_SUNSHINE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/biolo...article_em.htm
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=322Would you ever really want to see an angel? .Some people lose their faith because Heaven shows them too little..But how many people lose their faith because Heaven showed them too much?.It is perhaps the strangest passage in the Bible, in which he writes.."Even now in Heaven there are Angles carrying savage weapons"...https://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=222013

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Pink Freud- Goodbye Blue Sky..

In a brief prologue, a skylark is heard chirping..The sound of approaching bombers catches the attention of a child (voiced by a young Harry Waters), who states, "Look mummy, there's an aeroplane up in the sky"..Mandrake, do you realize that in addition to fluoridating water, why, there are studies underway to fluoridate salt, flour, fruit juices, soup, sugar, milk... ice cream, and there's no end to it...We know the air is unfit to breathe, and we sit watching our TV's.. Please, at least leave us alone in our living rooms... Different aircraft types have different noise levels and frequencies..Elevated noise levels can create stress, increase workplace accident rates, and stimulate aggression and other anti-social behaviors..That is the atomic and subatomic and galactic structure of things today!..


Diagram of several proposed climate engineering methods..

Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change..Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation..We'll tell you anything you want to hear; we lie like hell...

It's overwhelming to think about the number of planes in the air at any given time..Seeing it for yourself is something else entirely..One great way to see all this data in a visual way is Flightradar 24, a flight tracking service that shows information about thousands of aircrafts in real-time-at this moment in time, there are over 12,000 planes buzzing above..In 2013: there were 35 million vehicles licensed for use on the road in Great Britain..1.2 Billion Vehicles On World's Roads Now,2 Billion By 2035: Report..Erm, what about the planes, sir?. Surely we must issue the recall code immediately...

Aeroplanes are causing climate change, so they use aeroplanes to spray the atmosphere with the very thing that is causing climate change, along with vehiculls etc .. thats what I call reverse logic..Why does the UK need less solar ? the country is freezing, wet and cold 3 quarters of the year round..Contrails disappear..chemtrails do not..a sky full of streaks, day in day out, for years on end..there is never any peace..This is mass madness, you maniacs..Remind me again how many british,americans, germans etc where slaughtered in world war 1 and 2 etc etc ???.

https://www.flightradar24.com/46.72,6.08/5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_engineering
http://www.greencarreports.com/news/...by-2035-report
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...1&postcount=18There has been too much violence.. Too much pain.. But I have an honorable compromise.. Just walk away.. Give me your pump, the oil, the gasoline, and the whole compound, and I'll spare your lives.. Just walk away and we'll give you a safe passageway in the wastelands.. Just walk away and there will be an end to the horror...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=227

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Air Force emblem..

The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) ( Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu), "Royal Air Force"), is the military aviation branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces.. Its ancestor, the Luchtvaartafdeling (aviation department) of the Dutch Army was founded on 1 July 1913, with four pilots.. The aerobatic display team of the Royal Netherlands Air Force is the Solo Display Team...


The first Dutch F-35A flying alongside an RNLAF F-16 attached to the 148th FS..

After the end of World War I the Dutch government cut the defence budget and the Army Aviation Group was almost dissolved..In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands.. Within 5 days the Dutch Army Aviation Brigade was taken out by the German Luftwaffe..In 1941, the Royal Netherlands Military Flying-School was re-established, in the US at Jackson Field ( Hawkins Field), Jackson, Mississippi, operating lend-lease aircraft and training all military aircrew for the Netherlands..In June 1943, a Dutch fighter squadron was established in England.. 322 (Dutch) Squadron, equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire, saw action as part of the RAF.. 322 Sqn aircraft featured the British RAF roundels as well as the Dutch orange triangle..In 1951 several non-combat functions in the Army Aviation were opened to women..On 27 March 1953 the Royal Netherlands Air Force officially became an independent part of the Dutch armed forces, rather than part of the Army..During the cold war era Dutch Air Force units played an important part in the West European defence against the opposing Warsaw Pact forces..

RNLAF F-16s participated in all operations over Yugoslavia..On 2 October 2002 a tri-national detachment of 18 Dutch, Danish and Norwegian F-16 ground attack aircraft and one Dutch KDC-10 tanker deployed to Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan in support of ground forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom..As part of the expanded NATO ISAF mission in southern Afghanistan in August 2006, the Royal Netherlands Air Force had three CH-47D Chinook of 298 Sq stationed at Kandahar Airfield..On 31 August 2006 a Royal Netherlands Air Force (Michael "Sofac" Donkervoort) pilot was killed when his plane crashed during a mission to support British ground troops in Helmand province..On 7 December 2007 military use of Twente Air Base ceased..The aerodrome is now known as Enschede Airport Twente..On 31 October 2014 323 Tactess squadron (F-16) disbanded and its aircraft and personnel were merged into 322 Squadron.. 303 Squadron provided search and rescue (within Dutch Flight Information Region) until 1 January 2015 when the unit was disbanded...

http://www.scramble.nl/orbats/netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_...ands_Air_Force
https://www.defensie.nl/english/orga...ntents/contact
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...1&postcount=13You ever been to pussy heaven?..I know you must be curious to know more..Well, aren't you going to tell me about it?..The ghost train never comes back.. I have a part of you with me...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...postcount=1777

[reve]

One of the most important things about the RAF is now hidden for political reasons but when Chamberlain went to Munich in 1938 we had 50 Hurricanes in service and the Spitfire had just come off the drawing board. Hitler had been bombing countries into submission and his air force was massive. Had we declared war then we would have been forced to surrender within days. We appeased instead and started the most massive plane building enterprise in history. We also designed and installed the revolutionary Dowding radar system. By the time we were retreating from Dunkirk we had lost over 1000 planes over France but had enough to fight off the Luftwaffe in the battle of Britain aided or saved by radar. If you look at these dates and figures you will see what a miracle it was we survived without the USAF and exactly how Appeasement came into this. Chamberlain handed over to his protégé Churchill but together they had fooled Hitler and saved us. Now the word Appeasement is used to suggest that we did something evil. How little people know or respect the RAF:

July 1934 expansion of RAF announced - 5 year plan

March 1936 first Spitfire maiden voyage

December 1937 RAF take delivery of first Hurricane fighters

June 1938 Spitfire enters service, 50 Hurricanes in service

Sept 1938 Chamberlain buys essential time for re-arming in so called ‘appeasement‘- Germany builds 1860 Messerschmitt ‘109’ fighters

Jan 1939 Only 27 RAF Fighter squadrons active, Germany builds 1540 109’s.

Sept 1939 Britain declares war - 500 Hurricanes in service, 400 Spitfires
Luftwaffe:Aircraft strength was 4,201 operational aircraft; 1,191 bombers, 361 dive bombers, 788 fighters, 431 heavy fighters, and 488 transports

May 1940 Chamberlain resigned in favour of Churchill.

May to June 1940 Dunkirk retreat of British Expeditionary Force in France and allies

June 1940 106 RAF fighters lost in 9 days and in total 1029 planes lost in France

1940 Dowding radar system becomes active and is of major importance as from
July through Autumn 1940 Britain fights Battle of Britain against vastly superior numbers of German bombers and fighters

Meanwhile Britain and her Commonwealth allies were also fighting the Italians and Germans in North Africa and having some success against the forces of Rommel.

Not until December 1941 did the US join the war and only after Germany and Japan had declared war on them

End of war 1 million serving in RAF with 27,000 planes, 14000 Hurricanes had been produced 20,000 Spitfires were produced.

[lightgiver]

Ready to carry or to fight..

ITV News Special- Princess Diana Returns To Britain..

The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash was a three-train collision at Harrow and Wealdstone station in London during the morning rush hour of 8 October 1952, at around 8:17 am, the local train stopped at platform 4 at Harrow and Wealdstone station, approximately se7en minutes late because of fog..Sixteen vehicles, including 13 coaches, two bogie vans and a kitchen car were destroyed or severely damaged in the collisions..The first emergency response arrived at 8:22 am with the fire brigade, ambulance and police services being assisted by doctors and a medical unit of the United States Air Force, based locally at RAF Northolt.. Help was accepted from the Salvation Army, the Women's Voluntary Service and local residents..The first loaded ambulance left at 8:27 am and by 12:15 pm most of the injured had been taken to hospital.. The search for survivors continued until 1:30 am the following morning..Liverpool Lime Street is a terminus railway station, and the main station serving the city centre of Liverpool..


One of the overturned locomotives of the Liverpool train, No.46202 Princess Anne..

There were 112 fatalities, including the driver and fireman of the Perth express and the driver of the lead engine of the Liverpool express..102 passengers and staff died at the scene, with a further 10 dying later in hospital from their injuries. Of the 108 passenger fatalities, at least 64 occurred in the local train, 23 in the Perth train, and 7 in the Liverpool train.. The remaining 14 were unclear, but some of the fatalities may have been standing on the platform and hit by the derailed locomotives of the Liverpool train.. A total of 340 people reported injury: 183 people were given treatment for shock and minor injury at the station and 157 were taken to hospital, of whom 88 were detained..Nameplates from Windward Islands and Princess Anne were acquired by the Doncaster Grammar School Railway Society, and remain at the school..

RAF Northolt is a Royal Air Force station in South Ruislip, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) from Uxbridge in the London Borough of Hillingdon, west London.. Approximately 6 mi (10 km) north of London Heathrow Airport, the station also handles a large number of private civil flights..Much media attention focused on the airfield when the body of Diana, Princess of Wales, arrived there from Villacoublay airfield, in Paris, France, after her death in a car crash in the city on 31 August 1997..The Queen's Colour Squadron, then based at neighbouring RAF Uxbridge, acted as the bearer party, while the flight was met by the Prime Minister, the Lord Chamberlain, Lord Lieutenant of Greater London, Secretary of State for Defence, the RAF Northolt station commander and the RAF Chaplain-in-Chief..Attention was high again in 2001 when Ronnie Biggs, the seriously ill, fugitive Great Train Robber, was flown from Brazil to the airfield to be arrested by waiting police officers.. Biggs had escaped from custody in 1965; upon his return he was taken to Belmarsh Prison to complete the remainder of his sentence..Since 1 June 1998, station commanders have served as aides-de-camp to Her Majesty the Queen..The station has also been used as a filming location for productions made at Pinewood Studios...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Northolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow...one_rail_crash
http://www.britishpathe.com/video/harrow-rail-crash
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=112I've heard guns..My father and my brother were killed by guns..They were on the right side but that didn't help them any when the shooting started..The commandments say 'Thou shalt not kill,' but we hire men to go out and do it for us..Now, me, I wouldn't leave this town at noon for all the tea in China...https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=185

[lightgiver]

A Matter of Life and Death (1946) PART 10 ..

Originally Posted by reve

July 1934 expansion of RAF announced - 5 year plan..March 1936 first Spitfire maiden voyage.December 1937 RAF take delivery of first Hurricane fighters.June 1938 Spitfire enters service, 50 Hurricanes in service.Sept 1938 Chamberlain buys essential time for re-arming in so called ‘appeasement‘- Germany builds 1860 Messerschmitt ‘109’ fighters.Jan 1939 Only 27 RAF Fighter squadrons active,.Sept 1939 Britain declares war - 500 Hurricanes in service, 400 Spitfires..Luftwaffe:Aircraft strength was 4,201 operational aircraft; 1,191 bombers, 361 dive bombers, 788 fighters, 431 heavy fighters, and 488 transports.May 1940 Chamberlain resigned in favour of Churchill..Not until December 1941 did the US join the war and only after Germany and Japan had declared war on them.End of war 1 million serving in RAF with 27,000 planes, 14000 Hurricanes had been produced 20,000 Spitfires were produced.

The Red Cross complexion of the mission was nothing but a mask..The Wall Street project in Russia in 1917 used the Red Cross Mission as its operational vehicle.. Both Guaranty Trust and National City Bank had representatives in Russia at the time of the revolution...In the early 1930s financial assistance to Hitler began to flow more readily..There took place in Germany a series of meetings, irrefutably documented in several sources, between German industrialists, Hitler himself, and more often Hitler's representatives Hjalmar Sehaeht and Rudolf Hess. The critical point is that the German industrialists financing Hitler were predominantly directors of cartels with American associations, ownership, participation, or some form of subsidiary connection.. The Hitler backers were not, by and large, firms of purely German origin, or representative of German family business. Except for Thyssen and Kirdoff, in most cases they were the German multi-national firms — i.e., I.G. Farben, A.E.G., DAPAG, etc. These multi-nationals had been built up by American loans in the 1920s, and in the early 1930s had American directors and heavy American financial participation..One flow of foreign political funds not considered here is that reported from the European-based Royal Dutch Shell, Standard Oil's great competitor in the 20s and 30s, and the giant brainchild of Anglo-Dutch businessman Sir Henri Deterding. It has been widely asserted that Henri Deterding personally financed Hitler...

http://reformed-theology.org/html/bo...chapter_07.htm
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...6&postcount=25My Cabbalistic knowledge being already profound by current standards, he thought me worthy of the highest initiation in his power to confer; special powers were obtained in view of my limited sojourn..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=223

[reve]

I had two uncles flying in the RAF in WW2 and both survived, one was Czech. Another uncle flew for the Navy. The Spitfire gets more headlines than the Hurricane which upset some RAF pilots as the Hurricane did most of the work and shot down more planes. But the tale of how the Spitfire was funded (unlike the Messershmitts etc in Germany which is shown in the post above) is one of the most extraordinary of all and explains its enduring popularity. This article was only written a couple of months ago:

“The power and the glamour of the Spitfire would make the aircraft a firm favourite from almost the moment it first flew, in March 1936. Eighty years on, the Spitfire remains one of the most admired of all fighter aircraft, but the story of its unique connection with the British public - who dug into their own pockets to pay for its production - is less well-known.
"When my mummy has taken me out and I have wanted to use a public convenience she has had to pay a penny. So I thought if we did the same at home it would help your fund."
So wrote eight-year-old Patricia Boncey to Lord Beaverbrook, Minister of Aircraft Production, to accompany her postal order for 15 shillings.
"The Spitfire funds were a home front phenomenon," says aviation historian Paul Beaver.
"The aircraft, and the idea of buying one, seemed to hit the national psyche.
"Britain wanted to believe in something and the Spitfire, that combination of beauty and power, was the great saviour."
Almost from the moment it took to the air in 1936, the Spitfire inspired movie star-style attention, overshadowing the contemporary Hurricane fighter.
This ability to amaze and inspire was embodied by the fund movement, which obsessed much of Britain and beyond.
Donations ranging from pocket money pennies to king's ransoms eventually raised about £13m (£650m at modern values).
But the story behind this generosity was one of crisis, improvisation and a pushy Canadian.
War is an expensive business and 1914-18, coupled with the Great Depression of the 1920s, had left Britain saddled with huge debts.
The policy of avoiding war by making concessions to Hitler - known as appeasement - was in part prompted by a national bank balance firmly in the red
Spitfire fact file
First flight: 5 March 1936
Entered service: 4 August 1938
Max speed: (Mk1 at 15,000ft) 346mph (557km/h)
Dimensions: (Mk1) wingspan: 36ft 10in (11.2m), length: 29ft 11in (9.1m), height: 11ft 5in (3.5m)
Armament: (Mk1) 8 Browning .303 machine guns
Numbers built: 20,351
Last RAF operational flight: 1 April 1954

Why do we love Spitfires?
But as the ambitions of Nazi Germany became clear, there was a scramble to rebuild the neglected armed forces.
In early 1940 Lord Beaverbrook - the Anglo-Canadian media tycoon Max Aitken - came into government to speed up aircraft production.
Beaverbrook pushed the idea of public appeals, for example to source raw materials and to encourage thrifty shopping, in a bid to help with the war effort.
Breathless press coverage of the Spitfire brought unsolicited enquiries about helping get more planes in the air.
The two ideas came together. In May 1940, Spitfire funds took off.
The aircraft were priced at an entirely theoretical £5,000.
Within weeks funds were set up by councils, businesses, voluntary organisations and individuals
Fired by the sight of German planes overhead during the Battle of Britain, more than 1,400 appeals were set up.
Many were co-ordinated by local newspapers, which carried lists of individual donations: "From all at No.15 Station Lane", "My week's pocket money - Fred Smith aged 7″, "My first week's old age pension - 10 shillings towards our Spitfire".
Matt Brosnan from the Imperial War Museum says: "Quite quickly the BBC was listing the latest successful funds and major donations at the end of news bulletins and takings were averaging over £1m a month.
"Almost every big town in Britain came to have its name on a Spitfire by the end. Even anti-aircraft batteries and aircraft factories contributed. The miners of Durham contributed two Spitfires, even though suffering with heavy unemployment."
To encourage the idea every penny counted, a components price list was published, included a wing for £2,000, a gun at £200, down to a spark plug at 8 shillings, or a rivet at sixpence.
Imagination and dedication led to countless fund-raising ideas. Everyone could "do their bit".
A Kent farmer charged people sixpence "to see the only field in Kent without a German aircraft in it".
During an air raid, the manager of a London cinema pushed a wheelbarrow up and down the aisle, asking for donations: "The more you give, the less raids there will be". There were table-top sales, auctions and raffles.
The Wiltshire village of Market Lavington drew the outline of a Spitfire in the square and challenged residents to fill it with coins. The task was completed within days.
In Liverpool, it was reported a "lady of the night" left £3 at the police station "for the Spitfire Fund", this amount being the standard fine for soliciting.
Another part of the magic mix of the Spitfire funds was contributors could have a dedication of their choice put on the Spitfire. This would be commemorated with a plaque and photograph of the named Spitfire.
The results veered between the mundane, hilarious and downright mysterious.
Those cinema donations resulted in no less than four "Miss ABCs".
The Kennel Club called its Spitfire 'The Dog Fighter', while Woolworths named "Nix Six Primus" and "Nix Six Secundus" after its pre-war policy of keeping prices below sixpence.
Remarkably, even prisoners of war got in on the act. Inmates of Oflag VIB donated a month's pay and, via the Red Cross, it went to "Unshackled Spirit".
It was truly a global appeal.
Spitfire "Dorothy of Great Britain and Empire" was paid for by a fund made up entirely of women and girls of that name. Uruguay, diplomatically neutral, funded 17.
Many countries donated enough for entire squadrons to bear their name, including No.74 (Trinidad), No.167 (Gold Coast) and No.114 (Hong Kong).
Some stories are more poignant. The small communities of Holmesfield, Derbyshire and St Michel-le-Pit in south Wales somehow raised the money to pay for Spitfires named 'Shepley' and 'Norman Merrett' in honour of bereaved local families.
Spitfire "Fun of the Fair" was named after an appeal by various circuses, fairgrounds and carnivals, set up in a bid to counter accusations the travelling community was shirking war duties.
Not everyone took the scheme in the intended spirit. In August 1940 a building worker from Ilford was jailed for running fake Spitfire funds.
Local rivalries ran deep. One councillor Arnold Ingham warned colleagues "If we should have a dogfight over Lytham St Annes let us have a Spitfire of our own to deal with it and not have to send to Fleetwood or Blackpool to borrow theirs."
The funds raised enough for about 2,600 Spitfires but incomplete records mean fewer than 1,600 can be traced.
The RAF had about 300 Spitfires fighting in the Battle of Britain at any one time, with total combat losses estimated at about 260.
By the end of 1940, factories were turning out up to 350 a month.
But did the funds make a difference to the war?
Mark Harrison, professor of economics at the University of Warwick, says the answer has echoes in the present.
"Only after ensuring the supply of Spitfires did the government worry about how to pay for them.
"The funds were like today's 'sponsor a panda' and 'buy a metre of rainforest' appeals. In any immediate sense these make no difference to the number of pandas or the amount of rainforest.
"Spitfire funds did not pay for Spitfires, but they were still an essential part of the war effort.
"Without them the war would eventually have gone less well in one aspect or another. There would have been a cost."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-35697546

So what about that poor relation?

“The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s-1940s that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd for the Royal Air Force (RAF). Although overshadowed by the Supermarine Spitfire, the aircraft became renowned during the Battle of Britain, accounting for 60% of the RAF's air victories in the battle, and served in all the major theatres of the Second World War.
The 1930s design evolved through several versions and adaptations, resulting in a series of aircraft which acted as fighters, bomber-interceptors, fighter-bombers (also called "Hurribombers") and ground support aircraft. Further versions known as the Sea Hurricane had modifications which enabled operation from ships. Some were converted as catapult-launched convoy escorts, known as "Hurricats". More than 14,583 Hurricanes were built by the end of 1944 (including at least 800 converted to Sea Hurricanes and some 1,400 built in Canada by Canadian Car and Foundry).

At the time that the Hurricane was developed, RAF Fighter Command consisted of just 13 squadrons, each equipped with either the Hawker Fury, Hawker Demon, or the Bristol Bulldog, all biplanes with fixed-pitch wooden propellers and non-retractable undercarriages….The same year the Hawker Board of Directors voted to tool-up for and build a production line at company expense for 1,000 Hurricanes .
RAF trials of the aircraft at Martlesham Heath began in February 1936. Sammy Wroath, later to be the founding Commandant of the Empire Test Pilot School, was the RAF test pilot for the Hurricane: his report was favorable, stating, "The aircraft is simple and easy to fly and has no apparent vices" and going on to praise its control response
The Hurricane was ordered into production in June 1936, mainly due to its relatively simple construction and ease of manufacture. As war was looking increasingly likely, and time was of the essence in providing the RAF with an effective fighter aircraft, it was unclear if the more advanced Spitfire would enter production smoothly, while the Hurricane used well-understood manufacturing techniques. This was true for service squadrons as well, which were experienced in working on and repairing aircraft whose construction employed the same principles as the Hurricane, and the simplicity of its design enabled the improvisation of some remarkable repairs in squadron workshops. The Hurricane was also significantly cheaper than the Spitfire, requiring 10,300 man hours to produce versus 15,200 for the Spitfire
The maiden flight of the first production aircraft, powered by a Merlin II engine, took place on 12 October 1937. The first four aircraft to enter service with the RAF joined No. 111 Squadron RAF at RAF Northolt the following December. By the outbreak of the Second World War, nearly 500 Hurricanes had been produced, and had equipped 18 squadrons.
During 1940, Lord Beaverbrook, who was the Minister of Aircraft Production, established an organisation in which a number of manufacturers were seconded to repair and overhaul battle-damaged Hurricanes…..
The first 50 Hurricanes had reached squadrons by the middle of 1938. At that time, production was slightly greater than the RAF's capacity to introduce the new aircraft and the government gave Hawker the clearance to sell the excess to nations likely to oppose German expansion. As a result, there were some modest sales to other countries. Production was then increased with a plan to create a reserve of aircraft as well as re-equip existing squadrons and newly formed ones such as those of the Auxiliary Air Force. Expansion scheme E included a target of 500 fighters of all types by the start of 1938. By the time of the Munich Crisis, there were only two fully operational squadrons of the planned 12 with Hurricanes. By the time of the German invasion of Poland, there were 18 operational Hurricane squadrons and three more converting.
At the end of June 1940, following the fall of France, the majority of the RAF's 36 fighter squadrons were equipped with Hurricanes. The Battle of Britain officially lasted from 10 July until 31 October 1940, but the heaviest fighting took place between 8 August and 21 September. Both the Supermarine Spitfire and the Hurricane are renowned for their part in defending Britain against the Luftwaffe; generally, the Spitfire would intercept the German fighters, leaving Hurricanes to concentrate on the bombers, but despite the undoubted abilities of the "thoroughbred" Spitfire, it was the "workhorse" Hurricane that scored the higher number of RAF victories during this period, accounting for 55 percent of the 2,739 German losses, according to Fighter Command, compared with 42 per cent by Spitfires.
As a fighter, the Hurricane had some drawbacks. It was slower than both the Spitfire I and II and the Messerschmitt Bf 109E, and the thick wings compromised acceleration, but it could out-turn both of them. In spite of its performance deficiencies against the Bf 109, the Hurricane was still capable of destroying the German fighter, especially at lower altitudes. The standard tactic of the 109s was to attempt to climb higher than the RAF fighters and "bounce" them in a dive; the Hurricanes could evade such tactics by turning into the attack or going into a "corkscrew dive", which the 109s, with their lower rate of roll, found hard to counter. If a 109 was caught in a dogfight, the Hurricane was just as capable of out-turning the 109 as the Spitfire. In a stern chase, the 109 could easily evade the Hurricane
Wikipedia

What a wonderful firm Hawker were and what an innovative plane this one was, only now being copied.

“The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier Jump Jet, is a family of jet aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) operations. Originally developed by UK manufacturer Hawker Siddeley in the 1960s, the Harrier emerged as the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many attempted during that era, despite being a subsonic aircraft, unlike most of its competitors. It was conceived to operate from improvised bases, such as car parks or forest clearings, without requiring large and vulnerable air bases. Later, the design was adapted for use from aircraft carriers.
There are two generations and four main variants of the Harrier family, developed by both UK and US manufacturers:
Hawker Siddeley Harrier
British Aerospace Sea Harrier
McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
British Aerospace Harrier II” Wikipedia

I remember one wining the transatlantic race from the top of the Post office Tower in London to the top of the Empire State Building in New York. Most competitors raced to Heathrow to catch Concorde but our Harrier pilot took off vertically next to the tower and beat them all. Hawker was taken over and squeezed into British Aerospace in 1977 more is the pity.

[lightgiver]

George W. Bush Pretzel Incident..

Hilaire Marin Rouelle (February 1718, Mathieu–April 7, 1779, Paris) was a French chemist.. Commonly cited as the 1773 discoverer of urea, he was not the first to do so.. Dutch scientist Herman Boerhaave had discovered this chemical as early as 1727.. Rouelle is known as "le cadet" to distinguish him from his older brother, Guillaume-François Rouelle, who was also a chemist..The distinguishing mark of man is the hand, the instrument with which he does all his mischief..


This image explaining cloud seeding ..

Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals, and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals..The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion.. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle.. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry..The most common impurity of synthetic urea is biuret, which impairs plant growth..In grain and cotton crops, urea is often applied at the time of the last cultivation before planting..

Urea can be used to make urea nitrate, a high explosive that is used industrially and as part of some improvised explosive devices.. It is a stabilizer in nitrocellulose explosives..Urea is used in SNCR and SCR reactions to reduce the NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion from Diesel, dual fuel, and lean-burn natural gas engines..A flavor-enhancing additive for cigarettes..A main ingredient in hair removers such as Nair and Veet/A browning agent in factory-produced pretzels..An ingredient in many tooth whitening products..Like saline, urea injection is used to perform abortion..A cloud seeding agent, along with other salts..Seeding of warm-season or tropical cumulonimbus (convective) clouds seeks to exploit the latent heat released by freezing.. This strategy of "dynamic" seeding assumes that the additional latent heat adds buoyancy, strengthens updrafts, ensures more low-level convergence, and ultimately causes rapid growth of properly selected clouds...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilaire_Rouelle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...3&postcount=19The work of teaching and organizing the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognized as being the cleverest of the animals..Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings?..Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?..https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...2&postcount=28

[reve]

I knew he had been in the RAF. He was the father of a girl I knew. I also knew he worked for a cigarette company. In his London flat there were loads of prototype cigarettes. His daughter had a party there and some of the guests at this 60’s party smoked his precious fags, drank his corporate booze and made a complete mess of the place. He went ballistic and because I lived almost next door I was the one summoned to explain. He also had a nice house near Cambridge with a heated swimming pool made to look like a stream going around the garden. When I stayed there his chauffeur picked me up at the station. The night after this party I had a shower and I flooded the bathroom floor which went straight through the ceiling. So I met him for breakfast under this patch of water seeping through. He liked the fact that I was an early riser like him then he looked up and went ballistic again, with everyone else staying there fortunately. I should have owned up but I had mopped the floor and he was so angry I just could not find the words! So I was interested when I found this recently:

“As did thousands of others, I dropped civilian life at the outbreak of World War II to volunteer for service in the Royal Air Force. I had a pilot's licence from a flying club with about twenty hours experience in a Tiger Moth. After journeying from Ceylon at my own expense, I turned up at the Air Ministry in the spring of 1940 and said: "Where's my Spitfire?"
"Spitfire hell. You're too old." I was 30. "But there's airborne radar and we're looking for blokes like you."
Thus it came to pass that after diligent training I became a sort of a whiz kid at AI - Night Air Interception and Navigation. The rest the reader may glean from this novel.
On a mild wet October morning in 1945 at Uxbridge, I doffed my RAF uniform and ribbons and returned to civilian life to become International Director of the Rothmans of Pall Mall World Group of tobacco companies. At the age of 63, I retired from active business and found the time to tidy up my personal life and papers, and to reflect upon the past.
In these circumstances I wandered one winter's day into the loft of my country home. Here I found, buried amidst other memorabilia, my RAF uniform, medals, flying log-book, combat reports, photographs, diaries, love letters and an oil-stained HM Stationery Office exercise book of hand-written RAF songs such as were sung at parties. The music and words of a few were composed by myself. These I caused to be typed and photocopied for old comrades and friends. They were much in demand.
One evening, I thumbed through my flying log-book. The entries brought back memories: some fond, some happy, but mostly sad. With time on my hands, and spurred by a compelling urge to be an author, I wrote this story within a fortnight. It was an easy book to write because the dates, catalogued in my log, triggered my memory and imagination. The service characters have been camouflaged with fictitious names, titles and ranks, and should not be taken to resemble specific persons, living or dead.
I am deeply grateful to those friends and old comrades who helped and encouraged me to present to you this biographical novel of a view of World War II which does not appear ever to have been so expressed. It gives glimpses of life in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and, in the main, pays tribute to the 250,000 "forgotten" women who served in it. Without their devotion the RAF could not have functioned the way it did.
P. O'Neil-Dunne
Cambridge, 17 March 1976

Happy, beautiful and innocent - that was Sally when World War II erupted. As she tells us in her Diary, she was looking forward to a good life with all the enthusiasm of youth. Yet because of the Nazi madman, what became of her was far from her dreams.
Here is a different kind of war tale: a novel about Sally and the men (and women) she loved; also an authentic story about RAF Night Fighters and Waafs, about their unconquerable spirit, tragic love affairs, unselfish loyalty and courage - and some unexpurgated RAF wartime songs which reveal the lighter side of their lives! Throughout runs the theme of the futility of war, of the most calamitous conflagration the world has ever known, needlessly swallowing up thirty million lives.
The author was one of the first RAF aircrew to visit Berlin after the collapse of Germany and he stood on the ruins of the Chancellery a few days after Hitler's suicide. He plants the guilt squarely on that madman whose last days in the bunker are recounted with vivid conviction.
ISBN 0 85974 046 3

Born in S. Ireland, educated in the US, Paddy O'Neil-Dunne's career as a young director of Rothmans was interrupted by World War II. He volunteered for the RAF. From the battle of Britain to VE Day he served with distinction, flying Blenheims, Beaufighters and Mosquitos with 29, 264, 410, 488 Night Fighter Squadrons. He took part in the Dam Busting Raid, Normandy landing and crossing of the Rhine and is one of the few RAF aircrew to survive three tours of operations.
After the war he rose to Director-in-Chief of Rothmans International. He played a leading role in changing smoking habits to safer filter cigarettes. On retirement he took up writing.”
http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_...(HC)/index.htm
and this:

“Peter Gordon of Slater & Gordon says the documents reveal that tobacco company lawyers in the United States and United Kingdom were involved in a conspiracy to erase sensitive material.
He told The Age that under a secret pact made by tobacco companies in the 1950s no one was allowed to concede that smoking could cause cancer.
The tight bond was broken in 1958 when the world director of Rothmans, Patrick O’Neil-Dunne, placed an advertisement in a Canadian newspaper accepting “the greater the tars reduction in tobacco smoke, the greater the reduction in the possible risk of lung cancer.”
Mr. O’Neil-Dunne later said the weight of statistical evidence linking lung cancer and heavy smoking “can no longer be rejected.”
The advertisement and his comments hit the industry like a tidal wave and were disputed by the industry, which continued to deny the link.”
https://www.publicintegrity.org/2002...thousands-died

But I wanted to mention the Red Arrows. Our poor RAF really is in hard times - few planes, mostly old and recently made to bomb countries we should not be bombing.
These people really are brilliant, sadly we have lost a few very brave people. I think they knew the risks and wanted to do this but it is a shadow over the whole of performing flight displays and perhaps they are not worth the awful cost in lives.

“The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Scampton. The team was formed in late 1964 as an all-RAF team, replacing a number of unofficial teams that had been sponsored by RAF commands.
The Red Arrows badge shows the aircraft in their trademark diamond nine formation, with the motto Éclat, a French word meaning "brilliance" or "excellence".
Initially, they were equipped with seven Folland Gnat trainers inherited from the RAF Yellowjacks display team. This aircraft was chosen because it was less expensive to operate than front-line fighters. In their first season, they flew at 65 shows across Europe. In 1966, the team was increased to nine members, enabling them to develop their Diamond Nine formation. In late 1979, they switched to the BAE Hawk trainer. The Red Arrows have performed over 4,700 displays in 56 countries worldwide

The Red Arrows were not the first RAF aerobatics team. An RAF pageant was held at Hendon in 1920 with teams from front-line biplane squadrons.

In 1925, No. 32 Squadron RAF flew an air display six nights a week entitled "London Defended" at the British Empire Exhibition. Similar to the display they had done the previous year, when the aircraft were painted black, it consisted of a night time air display over the Wembley Exhibition flying RAF Sopwith Snipes which were painted red for the display and fitted with white lights on the wings, tail and fuselage. The display involved firing blank ammunition into the stadium crowds and dropping pyrotechnics from the aeroplanes to simulate shrapnel from guns on the ground, Explosions on the ground also produced the effect of bombs being dropped into the stadium by the Aeroplanes. One of the Pilots in the display was Flying officer C. W. A. Scott who later became famous for breaking three England Australia solo flight records and winning the MacRobertson Air Race with co-pilot Tom Campbell Black in 1934.
In 1938, three Gloster Gladiators flew with their wing-tips tied together.[citation needed] Formation aerobatics largely stopped during the Second World War.
In 1947, the first jet team of three de Havilland Vampires came from RAF Odiham Fighter Wing. Various teams flew the Vampire, and in 1950, No. 72 Squadron was flying a team of seven. No. 54 Squadron became the first RAF jet formation team to use smoke trails. Vampires were replaced by Gloster Meteors, No. 66 Squadron developing a formation team of six aircraft.
Hawker Hunter aircraft were first used for aerobatics teams in 1955, when No. 54 Squadron flew a formation of four.
The official RAF team was provided by No. 111 Squadron in 1956, and for the first time the aircraft had a special colour scheme, which was an all-black finish. After a demonstration in France, they were hailed as "Les Fleches Noires" and from then on known as the Black Arrows. This team became the first team to fly a five-Hunter formation. In 1958 the Black Arrows performed a loop and barrel roll of 22 Hunters; a world record for the greatest number of aircraft looped in formation. The Black Arrows were the premier team until 1961, when the Blue Diamonds (No. 92 Squadron) continued their role, flying sixteen blue Hunters.
In 1960, the Tigers (No. 74 Squadron) were re-equipped with the supersonic English Electric Lightning and performed wing-overs and rolls with nine aircraft in tight formation. They sometimes gave co-ordinated displays with the Blue Diamonds. Yet another aerobatics team was formed in 1960 by No. 56 Squadron, the Firebirds, with nine red and silver Lightnings.
In 1964, the Red Pelicans, flying six BAC Jet Provost T Mk 4s, assumed the role of the RAF's leading display team. In that same year, a team of five yellow Gnat trainers from No 4 Flying Training School displayed at the Farnborough Airshow. This team became known as the Yellowjacks after Flight Lieutenant Lee Jones's call sign, "Yellowjack".
In 1964, all the RAF display teams were amalgamated, as it was feared pilots were spending too much time practising formation aerobatics rather than operational training. The new team name took the word red from the fact that the Yellowjacks' planes had been painted red (for safety reasons, as it was a far clearer and more visible colour in the sky) and arrows after the Black Arrows; the official version, however, is that the red was a tribute to the Red Pelicans. Another reason for the change to red was that responsibility for the team moved from Fighter Command to the Central Flying School, whose main colour was red.

…..In July 2004 there was speculation in the British media that the Red Arrows would be disbanded, after a defence spending review, due to running costs of between £5 million and £6 million. The Arrows were not disbanded and their expense has been justified through their public relations benefit of helping to develop business in the defence industry and promoting recruitment for the RAF. According to the BBC, it is highly unlikely that the Red Arrows will be disbanded, as they are a considerable attraction throughout the world. This was reiterated by Prime Minister David Cameron on 20 February 2013, when he guaranteed the estimated £9m per annum costs while visiting India to discuss a possible sale of Hawk aircraft to be used by India's military aerobatics team, the Surya Kiran.

With the planned closure of RAF Scampton, the future home of the Red Arrows became uncertain. On 20 May 2008 months of speculation was ended when it was revealed that the Ministry of Defence were moving the Red Arrows to nearby RAF Waddington. However, in December 2011, those plans were put under review. The Ministry of Defence confirmed in June 2012 that the Red Arrows would remain at RAF Scampton until at least the end of the decade. Scampton's runway was resurfaced as a result.

Pilots

Since 1966, there have been nine display pilots each year, all volunteers. Pilots must have completed one or more operational tours on a fast jet such as the Tornado, Harrier or Typhoon, have accumulated at least 1,500 flying hours and have been assessed as above average in their operational role to be eligible. Even then, there are more than ten applicants for each place on the team. Pilots stay with the Red Arrows for a three-year tour of duty. Three pilots are changed every year, such that there are normally three first year pilots, three second year pilots, and three in their final year. The Team Leader also spends three years with the team. The 'Boss', as he is known to the rest of the team, is always a pilot who has previously completed a three-year tour with the Red Arrows, often (although not always) including a season as the leader of the Synchro Pair.

During the second half of each display the Red Arrows split into two sections. Reds 1 to 5 are known as 'Enid' (named after Enid Blyton, author of the Famous Five books) and Reds 6 to 9 are known as 'Gypo' (the nickname of one of the team's pilots back in the Sixties). Enid continue to perform close formation aerobatics while Gypo perform more dynamic manoeuvres. Red 6 (Syncro Leader) and Red 7 (Synchro 2) make up the Synchro Pair and they perform a series of opposition passes during this second half. At the end of each season, one of that year's new pilots will be chosen to be Red 7 for the following season, with that year's Red 7 taking over as Red 6.

The Reds have no reserve pilots, as a spare pilot would not perform often enough to fly to the standard required, nor would they be able to learn the intricacies of each position in the formation. If one of the pilots is not able to fly, the team flies an eight-plane formation. However, if the Team Leader, 'Red 1', is unable to fly then the team does not display at all. Each pilot always flies the same position in the formation during a season. The pilots spend six months from October to April practising for the display season. Pilots wear green flying suits during training, and are only allowed to wear their red flying suits once they are awarded their Public Display Authority (PDA) at the end of winter training.

The new pilots joining the team will spend their first season flying at the front of the formation near the Team Leader. As their experience and proficiency improves they will move to positions further back in the formation in their second and third seasons. Pilots who start on the left of the formation will stay on that side for the duration of their three-year tour with the team and pilots on the right side will stay on the right. The exception to this are Reds 6 and 7 (the Synchro Pair) who fly in the 'stem' of the formation - the two positions behind the Team Leader.

During an aerobatics display, Red Arrows pilots experience forces up to five times that of gravity (1g), and when performing the aerobatic manoeuvre 'Vixen Break', forces up to 7g can be reached, close to the 8g structural limit of the aircraft.

As well as the nine pilots, 'Red 10', who is the Team Supervisor, is a fully qualified Hawk pilot who flies the tenth aircraft when the Red Arrows are away from base. This means the team have a reserve aircraft at the display site. Red 10's duties include co-ordination of all practices and displays and acting as the team's Ground Safety Officer. Red 10 often flies TV cameramen and photographers for air-to-air pictures of the Red Arrows and also provides the commentary for all of the team's displays.

On 13 May 2009, it was announced that the Red Arrows would include their first female display pilot. Flt Lt Kirsty Moore (née Stewart) joined for the 2010 season alongside fellow newcomer Flt Lt Ben Plank. Wing Commander Jas Hawker concluded his three-year tour of duty as 'The Boss' and was replaced by 2009 Red Six, Squadron Leader Ben Murphy. Flt Lt Moore was not the first female to apply to become a Red Arrow, but was the first to be taken forward to the intense final selection process. She joined the RAF in 1998 and was a Qualified Flying Instructor on the Hawk aircraft at RAF Valley. Prior to joining the team she flew the Tornado GR4 at RAF Marham. Flt Lt Plank previously flew the Harrier GR9 at RAF Cottesmore.

The team for the 2011 season was announced on 13 September 2010 and subsequently undertook winter training in preparation for the 2011 display season. The team departed the UK on Friday 18 March 2011 and travelled to Cyprus to undertake Exercise SPRINGHAWK at RAF Akrotiri. The first 9-ship practice was flown on the first day of training in Cyprus on Monday 21 March 2011. The team remained in Cyprus until the end of May whilst they took advantage of the good weather on offer to work up to display standard. The team gained their Public Display Authority (PDA) on 20 May 2011, just two days before their first planned public display in Crete.

On 13 September 2011, the team for 2012 was announced. The team received its PDA on 22 May 2012, having taken part in the Armed Forces Muster for Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee at Windsor Castle three days earlier.

The 'Blues'

The engineering team that supports the Red Arrows is known as "The Blues" and consists of 85 members who cover all of the various trades in the RAF. Each season nine members of the Blues are selected to be members of the 'Circus'. Each member of the Circus works with the same pilot for the duration of the season and is responsible for servicing their aircraft and preparing their flying kit prior to each display. The Circus also fly in the back seat of the jets during transit flights.

Aircraft
The team use the same two-seat training aircraft used for advanced pilot training, at first the Hawker Siddeley Gnat which was replaced in 1979 by the BAE Hawk T1. The Hawks are modified with an uprated engine and a modification to enable smoke to be generated, diesel is mixed with a coloured dye and ejected into the jet exhaust to produce either red, white or blue smoke.
….The smoke trails left by the team are made by releasing diesel into the exhaust; this oxidises straight away, leaving a white smoke trail. Dyes can be added to produce the red and blue colour. The diesel is stored in the pod on the underside of the plane; it houses three tanks: one 50-imperial-gallon (230 L) tank of pure diesel and two 10-imperial-gallon (45 L) tanks of blue and red dyed diesel. The smoke system uses 10-imperial-gallon (45 L) per minute; therefore each plane can trail smoke for a total of seven minutes: – five minutes of white smoke, a minute of blue and a minute of red

….Incidents and accidents
Date Incident Details Notes
26 March 1969 A Gnat hit trees while joining formation during a practice at RAF Kemble Flt Lt Jerry Bowler (no ejection) killed.
16 December 1969 Two Gnats crashed, one at Kemble and the other in a field near Chelworth The pilots both ejected safely although a fire warning from air traffic was intended for only one of the aircraft.
1969 A Gnat crashed short of the RAF Fairford runway. [citation needed]
20 January 1971 Two Gnats collided during the cross-over manoeuvre, over the runway at Kemble Four fatalities.
17 May 1980 A Hawk hit a yacht mast at an air show in Brighton, Sussex The pilot, Sqn Ldr Steve Johnson, ejected safely.
21 March 1984 A Hawk hit the ground at RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, while practising a loop. The pilot, Flt Lt Chris Hurst, suffered serious injuries when the impact with the ground forced the ejection seat through the canopy and deployed the chute, dragging him out.
1986 A Hawk rammed into the back of another on a runway.
16 November 1987 Two Hawks collided during a winter training practice with one aircraft crashing into a house in the village of Welton, Lincolnshire. The aircraft of Flt Lt Spike Newbery struck the aircraft of new Team Leader Sqn Ldr Tim Miller from behind, knocking off the tail. Both pilots ejected successfully. Flt Lt Newbery suffered a broken leg and had to leave the team.
24 June 1988 A Hawk crashed whilst attempting to take off, and the fuel tanks exploded. The pilot ejected safely.
1988 Flt Lt Neil MacLachlan died practising a "roll back" at RAF Scampton. 17 October 1998 Flt Lt R. Edwards landed short of the runway after a practice run at the Red Arrows then home base, RAF Cranwell, and ejected safely at low altitude.
9 September 2003 A Hawk overshot the runway while landing at Jersey Airport in advance of an air display. The pilot ran the jet into a gravel pile and little damage was sustained.
2007 The wingtip of a Hawk hit the tail of another during a practice flight near RAF Scampton.
23 March 2010 Two Hawks were involved in a mid-air collision. The synchro pair were practising one of their manoeuvres when the two aircraft collided. Red 7 (Flt Lt David Montenegro) landed his plane safely, but Red 6 (Flt Lt Mike Ling) ejected and suffered a dislocated shoulder. The incident took place during pre-season training in Crete. Due to his injuries, Flt Lt Ling was unable to participate in the forthcoming display season and was replaced by 2008's Red 6, Flt Lt Paul O'Grady.
20 August 2011 A Hawk aircraft crashed into a field near Throop Mill, one mile from Bournemouth Airport following a display at the Bournemouth Air Festival. Flt Lt Jon Egging, pilot of Red 4 (XX179), died in the accident. The investigation into the incident determined that Flt Lt Egging was incapacitated due to the effects of g-LOC until very shortly before impact.
8 November 2011 Pilot Flt Lt Sean Cunningham, was ejected from his aircraft while it was on the ground at RAF Scampton and subsequently died from his injuries. He was shot 200 feet into the air and received fatal injuries when his parachute failed to open. Coroner Stuart Fisher told a pre-inquest hearing he would examine whether an overtightened “shackle nut” had disabled the parachute.




Wikipedia

[reve]

Barnes Wallis is a bit of an unsung hero, especially for the RAF. He is known for his dam busting bombs but they were a small part of his repertoire. Here are some extracts from the good wikipedia article on the man:

“Sir Barnes Neville Wallis CBE FRS RDI FRAeS[1] (26 September 1887 – 30 October 1979), was an English scientist, engineer and inventor. He is best known for inventing the bouncing bomb used by the Royal Air Force in Operation Chastise (the "Dambusters" raid) to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II.
Aircraft design R100 airship
His many achievements include the first use of geodetic (also known as geodesic) design in engineering and in the gasbag wiring of Vickers' R100 in 1930, which, at the time, was the largest airship ever designed. He also pioneered, along with John Edwin Temple, the use of light alloy and production engineering in the structural design of the R100.

Despite a better-than-expected performance and a successful return flight to Canada in 1930, the R100 was broken up following the crash in northern France of its "sister" ship, the R101 (which was designed and built by a team from the Government's Air Ministry). The later destruction of the Hindenburg led to the abandonment of airships as a mode of mass transport.

Photo: RCAF Wellington bomber damaged in battle, exposing the geodetic airframe construction
By the time of the R101 crash, Wallis had moved to the Vickers aircraft factory at the Brooklands motor circuit and aerodrome between Byfleet and Weybridge in Surrey. The pre-war aircraft designs of Rex Pierson, the Wellesley, the Wellington and the later Warwick and Windsor all employed Wallis's geodetic design in the fuselage and wing structures.

The latter was one of the most robust airframes ever developed, and pictures of its skeleton largely shot away, but still sound enough to bring its crew home safely, are still impressive. The geodetic construction offered a light and strong airframe (compared to conventional designs), with clearly defined space within for fuel tanks, payload and so on. However the technique was not easily transferred to other aircraft manufacturers, nor was Vickers able to build other designs in factories tooled for geodetic work.

Bomb design

After the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in 1939, Wallis saw a need for strategic bombing to destroy the enemy's ability to wage war and he wrote a paper entitled "A Note on a Method of Attacking the Axis Powers". Referring to the enemy's power supplies, he wrote (as Axiom 3): "If their destruction or paralysis can be accomplished they offer a means of rendering the enemy utterly incapable of continuing to prosecute the war". As a means to do this, he proposed huge bombs that could concentrate their force and destroy targets which were otherwise unlikely to be affected. Wallis's first super-large bomb design came out at some ten tonnes, far more than any current bomber could carry. Rather than drop the idea, this led him to suggest a plane that could carry it - the "Victory Bomber".

Early in 1942, Wallis began experimenting with skipping marbles over water tanks in his garden, leading to his April 1942 paper "Spherical Bomb — Surface Torpedo". The idea was that a bomb could skip over the water surface, avoiding torpedo nets, and sink directly next to a battleship or dam wall as a depth charge, with the surrounding water concentrating the force of the explosion on the target. A crucial innovation was the addition of backspin, which caused the bomb to trail behind the dropping aircraft (decreasing the chance of that aircraft being damaged by the force of the explosion below), increased the range of the bomb, and also prevented it from moving away from the target wall as it sank. After some initial scepticism, the Air Force accepted Wallis's bouncing bomb (codenamed Upkeep) for attacks on the Möhne, Eder and Sorpe dams in the Ruhr area. The raid on these dams in May 1943 (Operation Chastise) was immortalised in Paul Brickhill's 1951 book The Dam Busters and the 1955 film of the same name. The Möhne and Eder dams were successfully breached, causing damage to German factories and disrupting hydro-electric power.





Valentin U-boat pen, with its roof of 4.5 metres of reinforced concrete penetrated by a Grand Slam bomb

After the success of the bouncing bomb, Wallis was able to return to his huge bombs, producing first the Tallboy (6 tonnes) and then the Grand Slam (10 tonnes) deep-penetration earthquake bombs. These were not the same as the 5-tonne "blockbuster" bomb, which was a conventional blast bomb. Although there was still no aircraft capable of lifting these two bombs to their optimal release altitude, they could still be dropped from a lower height, entering the earth at supersonic speed and penetrating to a depth of 20 metres before exploding. They were used on strategic German targets such as V-2 rocket launch sites, the V-3 supergun bunker, submarine pens, and other reinforced structures, large civil constructions such as viaducts and bridges, as well as the German battleship Tirpitz. They were the forerunners of modern bunker-busting bombs.

After the war

Having been dispersed with the Design Office from Brooklands to the nearby Burhill Golf Club in Hersham, after the Vickers factory was badly bombed in September 1940, Wallis returned to Brooklands in November 1945 as Head of the Vickers-Armstrongs Research & Development Department and was based in the former motor circuit's 1907 Clubhouse. Here he and his staff worked on many futuristic aerospace projects including supersonic flight and "swing-wing" technology (later used in the Panavia Tornado and other aircraft types). A massive 19,533 square feet (1,814.7 m2) Stratosphere Chamber (which was the world's largest facility of its type), was designed and built beside the Clubhouse by 1948 and became the focus for much R&D work under Wallis's direction in the 1950s and 1960s, including research into supersonic aerodynamics that contributed to the design of Concorde, before finally closing by 1980. This unique structure was restored at Brooklands Museum thanks to a grant from the AIM-Biffa Fund in 2013 and was officially reopened by Dr Mary Stopes-Roe (Barnes Wallis' daughter) on 13 March 2014.

Although he did not invent the concept, Wallis did much pioneering engineering work to make the swing-wing concept functional. However, despite very promising wind tunnel and model work, his designs were not adopted. His early "Wild Goose", designed in the late 1940s, was intended to use laminar flow, but when this was shown to be unworkable, he developed the swing-wing further for the "Swallow", designed in the mid-1950s, which could have been developed for either military or civil applications. Both "Wild Goose" and "Swallow" were demonstrated by large (30 ft span) flying scale models without tailplanes; these trials were based at Predannack in Cornwall.

"Swallow" was cancelled in the round of cuts following the Sandys Defence White Paper in 1957, and in an attempt to gain American funding to continue the work, details of the project were passed to the USA. No such funds were made available and Wallis's design ideas were passed over in the UK in favour of the BAC TSR-2 (on which one of Wallis's sons worked) and Concorde. Wallis was quite critical of both the TSR-2 and Concorde, stating that a swing-wing design would be more appropriate. In the mid-1960s, TSR-2 was ignominiously scrapped in favour of the American F-111 – which had swing wings based on Wallis's work which the Americans had received – although this order was also subsequently cancelled.

In the 1950s, Wallis developed an experimental rocket-propelled torpedo codenamed HEYDAY. It was powered by compressed air and hydrogen peroxide, and had an unusual streamlined shape designed to maintain laminar flow over much of its length. Tests were conducted from Portland Breakwater in Dorset. The only surviving example is on display in Explosion! Museum of Naval Firepower at Gosport.

In 1955 Wallis agreed to act as a consultant to the project to build the Parkes Radio Telescope in Australia. Some of the ideas he suggested are the same as or closely related to the final design, including the idea of supporting the dish at its centre, the geodetic structure of the dish and the master equatorial control system. Unhappy with the direction it had taken, Wallis left the project halfway into the design study and refused to accept his £1,000 consultant's fee.

In the 1960s, Wallis also proposed using large cargo submarines to transport oil and other goods, thus avoiding surface weather conditions. Moreover, Wallis's calculations indicated, the power requirements for an underwater vessel were lower than for a comparable conventional ship and they could be made to travel at a much higher speed. He also proposed a novel hull structure which would have allowed greater depths to be reached, and the use of gas turbine engines in a submarine, using liquid oxygen. In the end, nothing came of Wallis's submarine ideas.

During the 1960s and into his retirement, he developed ideas for an "all-speed" aircraft, capable of efficient flight at all speed ranges from subsonic to hypersonic.

The story described in The Dam Busters reflected the difficulties Wallis often faced in persuading those in authority or who controlled funding sources to support his ideas.

Following the terrible death toll of the aircrews involved in the Dambusters raid, he made a conscious effort never again to endanger the lives of his test pilots. His designs were extensively tested in model form, and consequently he became a pioneer in the remote control of aircraft.

He was awarded the sum of £10,000 for his war work from the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors. His grief at the loss of so many airmen in the dams raid was such that Wallis donated the entire sum to Christ's Hospital School in 1951 to allow them to set up the RAF Foundationers' Trust, allowing the children of RAF personnel killed or injured in action to attend the school.” Wikipedia

The tragedy is that Britain had many such inventors whose work was consistently overlooked by the government in favour of US designs. A good example now is how the Us are just bringing in the vertical take off capabilities we designed back in the 1960’s. If only our government had been a bit more far sighted as our designs could have taken the world by storm. We certainly had a hand in the first computer but they disgraced the designer Turing instead of making them commercially. We could not have won the war without this:

“The Dowding system was the world's first wide-area ground-controlled interception network, controlling the airspace across the United Kingdom from northern Scotland to the southern coast of England. It used a widespread dedicated land-line telephone network to rapidly collect information from Chain Home (CH) radar stations and the Royal Observer Corps (ROC) in order to build a single image of the entire UK airspace and then direct defensive interceptor aircraft and anti-aircraft artillery against enemy targets. The system was built by the Royal Air Force just before the start of World War II, and proved decisive in the Battle of Britain.
The Dowding system was developed after tests demonstrated problems relaying information to the fighters before it was out of date. Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding, commander of RAF Fighter Command, solved the problem through the use of hierarchical reporting chains. Information was sent to Fighter Command Headquarters (FCHQ) central filter room at Bentley Priory and used to prepare a map of the battle. Details of the map were then relayed to the Group and Sector headquarters, where operators re-created the map at a scale covering their area of operations. Looking at the maps, commanders could make decisions on how to employ their forces quickly and without clutter. Instructions were relayed to the pilots only from the squadron's sector control rooms, normally co-located at the fighters' operating bases.
The Dowding system is considered key to the success of the RAF against the German air force (Luftwaffe) during the Battle of Britain. The combination of early detection and rapid dissemination of that information acted as a force multiplier, allowing the fighter force to be used at extremely high rates of effectiveness. In the pre-war period, interception rates of 30% to 50% were considered excellent; that meant that over half the sorties sent out would return without having encountered the enemy. During the Battle, average rates were well over 80%, and several raids were met with 100% success rates. Lacking their own direction system, Luftwaffe fighters had little information on the location of their RAF counterparts, and often returned to base having never seen them. When they did, the RAF fighters were almost always in an advantageous position.
Although many histories of the Battle of Britain comment on the role of radar, it was only in conjunction with the Dowding system that radar could be truly effective. This was not lost on Winston Churchill, who noted that:
All the ascendancy of the Hurricanes and Spitfires would have been fruitless but for this system which had been devised and built before the war. It had been shaped and refined in constant action, and all was now fused together into a most elaborate instrument of war, the like of which existed nowhere in the world” Wikipedia

Really the RAF should be the best air force in the world but they have destroyed it which means we depend on the US entirely for missiles and defence.

[reve]

One of the most amazing RAF tales of WW2 is about Malta. I remember being told about this as a child and seeing newsreel at the cinema. We were told and shown how 3 rickety old biplanes held off the might of the Luftwaffe and saved the island. Maybe a little bit exaggerated but almost true:

“ The Hal Far Fighter Flight was a British fighter unit formed during the Siege of Malta in 1940. For several weeks, the island of Malta was protected by a small force of Gloster Sea Gladiator biplane fighters, based at RAF Hal Far, which was also known as the Fleet Air Arm station HMS Falcon. The flight is the source of the myth that only three aircraft, named Faith, Hope and Charity formed the fighter cover for the island. In fact, more than three aircraft were operational, though not always at the same time; others were used for spare parts. The names Faith, Hope and Charity were applied to the aircraft many months later, by a Maltese newspaper.

Crates containing 18 Sea Gladiators Mark I (serial numbers N5518 – N5535) from 802 Naval Air Squadron, were left at Malta in early 1940 by HMS Glorious. Three of the airframes (N5532, N5533 and N5534) were later shipped to Britain to take part in the Norwegian campaign and another three were sent to Egypt. In March, although Malta was not facing attack, it was decided that six Gladiators would be assembled to form an air defence unit. The Hal Far Fighter Flight was to include both FAA and Royal Air Force personnel. Five aeroplanes were eventually assembled, including N5525, N5527, N5530 and N5533 but a few days later, they were dismantled again.
In April, it was decided that Malta had a need for fighter protection and although the Gladiators were obsolete, they could hold their own in air combat against Regia Aeronautica bombers. N5519, N5520, N5522 and N5531 were assembled and test-flown. Two of these were to be used for normal operations, one was kept for spares and the other was kept in reserve. (Another source states that the aircraft assembled in April were N5519, N5520, N5523, N5524, N5529 and N5531; N5518, N5521, N5522 and N5525-28 and N5530 were to be the spares.) In May, N5524 and N5529, were assembled and other crated aircraft were to be used as spares. On 11 June 1940, when the air battle for Malta began, the air defence consisted of four Gladiator aircraft, two of which maintained a continuous stand-by during daylight hours. N5520, better known as Faith, was fitted with an engine salvaged from a Bristol Blenheim bomber, which also used the Bristol Mercury engine and a Blenheim three-blade Hamilton propeller, rather than the standard two-blade propeller.
Air raids begin
By June, two of the Gladiators had crashed and two more were assembled. On June 10, Italy entered the war. That same day 10 Cant Z.1007 bombers of the Regia Aeronautica attacked Grand Harbour and Hal Far. In early raids, the Italian crews bombed from around 5,500 m (18,000 ft) and later reduced the bombing altitude to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), to improve their accuracy. A reporter, Mabel Strickland claimed that "the Italians decided they didn't like [the Gladiators and AA guns], so they dropped their bombs [30 km (19 mi)] off Malta and went back."
Four Hawker Hurricanes joined the Sea Gladiators at the end of June and the flight became part of No. 261 Squadron RAF. Charity was shot down on 29 July 1940 and its pilot, Flying Officer (F/O) P. W. Hartley, was badly burned. Hope was destroyed in an air raid on 4 February 1941 and Faith survived the war. The fate of at least five more Gladiators that saw action over Malta is not as well documented. Sea Gladiators N5513 and N5535 were taken over by No. 33 Squadron RAF, in May 1941 (suggesting that the serial number usually allocated to Hope is incorrect).
The fuselage of Faith is on display at the National War Museum, Fort St Elmo, Valletta. No. 1435 Flight RAF took over the defence of Malta from 4 December 1941, flying the Spitfire from July. Today 1435 Flight garrisons the Falkland Islands. The Phantom aircraft assigned to the defence of the Falklands in 1988 wore a Maltese Cross on their fins and bore the names Faith, Hope and Charity with an additional aircraft called Desperation. The tradition was continued by the Panavia Tornado and then the Eurofighter Typhoons, although the Typhoons do not carry the names
Wikipedia

You can see what we are talking about here, little bi-planes like the Tiger Moth. It says in the article it was not the Luftwaffe but the Italian airforce which is rather different:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Far_Fighter_Flight

But in fact the Luftwaffe did attack this tiny island in great numbers and malta was one of the most bombed places in the entire war. An important naval base for us too.

“The Siege of Malta was a military campaign in the Mediterranean Theatre of the Second World War. From 1940–42, the fight for the control of the strategically important island of Malta pitted the air forces and navies of Italy and Germany against the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy.
The opening of a new front in North Africa in mid-1940 increased Malta's already considerable value. British air and sea forces based on the island could attack Axis ships transporting vital supplies and reinforcements from Europe. General Erwin Rommel, in de facto field command of Axis forces in North Africa, recognised its importance quickly. In May 1941, he warned that "Without Malta the Axis will end by losing control of North Africa".
The Axis resolved to bomb or starve Malta into submission, by attacking its ports, towns, cities, and Allied shipping supplying the island. Malta was one of the most intensively bombed areas during the war. The Luftwaffe (German Air Force) and the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) flew a total of 3,000 bombing raids over a period of two years in an effort to destroy RAF defences and the ports. Success would have made possible a combined German—Italian amphibious landing (Operation Herkules) supported by German airborne forces (Fallschirmjäger). It was never carried out. In the event, Allied convoys were able to supply and reinforce Malta, while the RAF defended its airspace, though at great cost in material and lives.
By November 1942, the Axis had lost the Second Battle of El Alamein and the Allies had landed forces in Vichy French Morocco and Algeria under Operation Torch. The Axis diverted their forces to the Battle of Tunisia, and attacks on Malta were rapidly reduced. The siege effectively ended in November 1942.
In December 1942, air and sea forces operating from Malta went over to the offensive. By May 1943, they had sunk 230 Axis ships in 164 days, the highest Allied sinking rate of the war. The Allied victory played a major role in the eventual Allied success in North Africa.” Wikipedia

It is a little known story in the world now how Britain stood alone against the power of Europe. And it is a miracle that not only did we hold out until the US entered in 1942, but we won a number of major battles including the Battle of Britain. The fact that Montgomery saved Eisenhower’s bacon in Europe is never told either. And the Appeasement which gave us time to build an amazing airforce from scratch is still seen as a sell out and gets a mention in the media every day. If anyone appeased Hitler it was the US. Worse it is said they financed him! Britain really needs to set the story right some time especially now they want to form an EU army and disband the various national armies in Europe. Britain apparently says it will nolt join this but it is an unspoken part of this Referendum and it was stated today that the EU army must not be mentioned until June 24 after the British have voted.

“Plans for an EU army are being kept SECRET from British voters until the day after the referendum
Plans involve a military headquarters and other operational structures
Germany backs the detailed plans as the first step toward a full EU army
Britain vetoed similar proposals in 2011 but nine nations could override
The details are not due to be made public until after Britain's referendum
See more of the latest EU referendum news visit www.dailymail.co.uk/EUref
By Tim Sculthorpe, Mailonline Deputy Political Editor
Published: 08:48, 27 May 2016 | Updated: 20:06, 27 May 2016 Detailed plans for an EU army have been drawn up secretly in Brussels but will not be made public until the day after Britain's referendum, it emerged today.
The plans involve establishing a military headquarters and are backed by Germany as the first step toward creating an EU army.
Officials have kept the Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy under lock and key and officials working on them are only allowed to make hand written notes while reviewing the material in a specific room.
They must leave all phones and computers outside but diplomats' notes were leaked today.
Leaked details of plans for an EU army today revealed proposals to create a military headquarters. The plans were not due to be distributed until June 24 - the day after Britain's EU referendum
The Times today said the proposals are due to be discussed at the next European summit on June 28 but will not be sent to EU leaders until June 24 - the day after Britain votes on membership - to avoid leaks.
Extracts from the proposals seen by the paper reveal diplomats insist 'security and defence is where a step change is most urgent' in the EU.
And the documents, drawn up by EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini, reveal officials believe 'in turbulent times, we need a compass to navigate the waters of a faster-changing world'.
There are mechanisms within the 2009 Lisbon Treaty signed by Gordon Brown that pave the way for creating the military structures.
The draft adds: 'The EU can step up its contribution to Europe's security and defence.
'Our external action must become more joined up across policy areas, institutions and member states.
'Greater unity of purpose is needed across the policy areas making up our external action.'
Senior Tory and former defence secretary Liam Fox told The Times the leaks made clear Britain's referendum was 'our last chance to stop being dragged into a permanent EU military force'.
Prime Minister David Cameron, seen today at the G7 in Japan, has repeatedly insisted Britain will never join an EU army and the Government today said this position was unchanged
Remain supporter and former chief of the defence staff Field Marshal Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank told the paper: 'It is silly to have a duplication of Nato... We want to spend the money on defence, not bureaucracy.'
Senior Conservative MP Laurence Robertson said: 'The EU Army (as referred to in The Times today) has been on the cards since Maastricht - one reason why so many of us opposed that Treaty.'
Ukip leader Nigel Farage recalled comments by Nick Clegg and said fears about an EU army were no longer a 'dangerous fantasy'.

Tewekesbury MP Laurence Robertson said the threat of an EU army had been hanging over Britain since the 1990s Maastricht Treaty
Nigel Farage said he had been dismissed for raising fear about an EU army in the past but warned it was no longer a 'dangerous fantasy'
Britain vetoed a similar proposal in 2011 and David Cameron has repeatedly rejected the idea Britain would sign up to an EU army.
A Ministry of Defence spokesman said: 'We will never be part of an EU army.
'We retain a veto on all defence matters in the EU and we will oppose any measures which would undermine member states' military forces.'
A Britain Stronger in Europe spokesman said: 'If we leave the EU, they could create a European army as we would not be at the table to veto it.
'The former heads of Nato, MI5 and MI6 have all said our country's national security is threatened if we leave. That's why we're safer remaining in Europe.'


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/arti...#ixzz49t6MA1jW
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook


While a newspaper firmly behind the Remain side says this:

“Is it true?
It is no secret that the EU has a common defence and security policy. Tony Blair practically invented it when he signed a defence cooperation agreement with Jacques Chirac in 1998.
Defence cooperation between member states was given more weight when the EU last updated its treaties, with a mutual defence clause introduced in the Lisbon treaty requiring member states to come to each other’s aid.
It is no secret, either, that some would like to see a full-blown EU army. The head of the European commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, has said the EU needs one to show Russia it is serious about defending its values.
But is there a serious, imminent chance of this happening? No.
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/...ate-an-eu-army
But it is true and we need to build up our own air force fast. How wonderful were we able to build our own vertical take off fighters again but it seems impossible in this political climate. Had we had this government in 1938 we would have either joined the Nazis or surrendered to them. Fortunately we had far sighted politicians and very young men willing to give up their short lives to defend our country against battle hardened warriors and overwhelming odds. Faith, Hope and Charity indeed.

[reve]

This is a list of RAF aircraft currently in service:

Agusta A109 Italy Rotorcraft Transport 2006 x 1
Airbus A400M Atlas Spain Propeller Transport 2014 x6
Airbus Voyager Spain Jet Transport 2011 x12
Beechcraft King Air US Propeller Trainer 2004 x 5
Beechcraft Shadow US Propeller Patrol 2009 x 6
Bell Griffin Canada Rotorcraft Utility 2003 x 4
Boeing Chinook US Rotorcraft Transport 1980 x 60
Boeing C‑17A Globemaster III US Jet Transport 2001 x 8
Boeing E‑3D Sentry US Jet Patrol 1990 x 6
Boeing RC‑135W Rivet Joint US Jet Patrol 2013 x 2
British Aerospace 146 UK Jet Transport 1995 x 4
British Aerospace Hawk UK Jet Trainer 1976 x 153
Britten-Norman Islander UK Propeller Patrol 2008 x 3
Eurofighter Typhoon UK Jet Multi-role 2007 x 137
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper US UAV Patrol 2007 x 10
Grob G115E Tutor Germany Propeller Trainer 1999 x 119
Grob Vigilant Germany Glider Trainer 1991 x 65
Grob Viking Germany Glider Trainer 1990 x 81
Lockheed C‑130J Hercules US Propeller Transport 2000 x 24
Lockheed Martin F‑35B Lightning II US Jet Multi-role 2013 x 4
Panavia Tornado GR4 UK Jet Attack 1979 x 98
Raytheon Sentinel Canada/USA Jet Patrol 2008 x 5
Short Tucano UK Propeller Trainer 1989 x 82
Westland Puma UK Rotorcraft Transport 1971 x 24
Wikipedia

I have to admit that there are many more planes and fighters than I expected and perhaps before I have a go about things in future I should check more closely. No wonder so many jets zoom over our local beach, perhaps Hawk trainers. More to the point are the 137 Typhoons and 98 Tornados (if a bit old).

I was wondering to myself today whether they really need state of the art fighters with massive speed these days as much as big, heavily armed aircraft capable of carrying bomb racks and missiles and some sort of defence system - in which case one could use the Airbus. Dog fights seem like something out of the history books. Times change and we need to keep up with them. Drones are obviously a front line weapon now.

[lightgiver]

RQ-16 in use on the field..

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell_RQ-16_T-Hawk
https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...&postcount=450

[lightgiver]

15 May 2008 - China Sichuan Quake - BBC Report ..

Clairvoyance 1 (Qian-li-Yan Yi-Hao or Qianliyan Yihao千里眼1号, also known as Clairvoyance I or simply Clearivoyance) is a fixed wing, electrically powered micro air vehicle (MAV) developed by HLKX..Externally, Clairvoyance resembles a miniature version of Boeing F-15 Eagle and has the identical layout.. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the empennage. Clairvoyance has been deployed in 2008 Sichuan earthquake relief missions..Along with Clairvoyance and Clairvoyance I, the Clairvoyance series UAVs are the only Chinese UAV series that has been deployed in all 3 Chinese natural disaster relief efforts, including 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Chinese winter storms, and 2009 Luoding flood..The water level increased due to rain from Typhoon Koppu.. The storm slammed into South China causing torrential rain, mudslides and an oil spill..

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLKX_Clairvoyance
https://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=26201