LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 24 Author Share Posted March 24 More reason to grow your own…. 'Superfoods' like blueberries, spinach and kale named among 'dirty dozen' produce aisle fruits and veggies with most pesticides By Caitlin Tilley, Health Reporter For Dailymail.ComUpdated 23:15, 17 Mar 2023 Blueberries and green beans joined the highest amount of pesticides list They contain organophosphates which can damage the human nervous system People exposed to common pesticide have signs of cancer in their urine Blueberries, spinach and kale — each usually recognized as among the healthiest foods one can eat — have been named among produce with the most pesticides. The Environmental Working Group (EWG), based in Washington DC, named its 'dirty dozen' produce foods this week, a dubious honor reserved only for fruits and vegetables in America laced with the most chemicals. Alongside the antioxidant-rich blueberries and leafy greens are other snacktime favorites such as strawberries, grapes, apples, nectarines, pears and cherries. Peppers and green beans — which often find themselves into health-conscious recipes — were named on the ignominious list too. The EWG studied 46 produce aisle staples for its study, and found that 75 percent of freshly grown produce in America contain residue of harmful pesticides. Human ingestion can damage the nervous system or even cause cancer. Over 250 different pesticides were discovered on the fruits and vegetables, some of which have been barred in the US or Europe because of the effect they have on human health. For example, the neurotoxic organophosphate insecticide acephate, which was banned from use on green beans in 2011 showed up on six percent of green bean samples. The insecticide is listed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a possible human carcinogen. Both blueberries and green beans harbor worrying levels of organophosphate insecticides. These can damage the human nervous system and is particularly poisonous for children's developing brains. Almost 10 percent of the blueberry samples contained the pesticide phosmet, and 9 percent had traces of malathion. Both are organophosphates and malathion was categorized as probably carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2015. More than 90 percent of samples of strawberries, apples, cherries, spinach, nectarines and grapes had at least two pesticides on them. Over 50 pesticides were detected on every kind of crop on the dirty dozen list, apart from cherries. Kale, collard and mustard greens and hot and bell peppers had the most pesticides of any crop — 103 and 101. The EWG compiled their 'dirty dozen' and 'clean 15' lists — fruits and vegetables with the least detectable pesticides — using data from 46,569 samples. On the Clean 15 list, less than two percent of the avocado and sweet corn samples had detectable levels of detectable pesticides. The data came from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which peels or scrubs its produce samples before testing, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which only gets rid of the dirt prior to testing. Even after these steps, 251 pesticides were lingering on the produce. The clean 15 list contains fruits and vegetables tested which have very low or zero traces of pesticides. EWG toxicologist Alexis Temkin said: 'Despite the abundance of science linking exposure to pesticides with serious health issues, a potentially toxic cocktail of concerning chemicals continues to taint many of the non-organic fruits and vegetables eaten by consumers.' The EWG emphasized that people should continue to eat fruit and vegetables, even if they are not organic. Mr Temkin said: 'Everyone – adults and kids – should eat more fruits and vegetables, whether organic or not. A produce-rich diet provides many health benefits.' Fruits and vegetables with the most and least pesticides MOST 1. Strawberries 2. Spinach 3. Kale, collard & mustard greens 4. Peaches 5. Pears 6. Nectarines 7. Apples 8. Grapes 9. Bell & hot peppers 10. Cherries 11. Blueberries 12. Green beans LEAST 1. Avocados 2. Sweet corn 3. Pineapple 4. Onions 5. Papaya 6. Sweet peas (frozen) 7. Asparagus 8. Honeydew melon 9. Kiwi 10. Cabbage 11. Mushrooms 12. Mangoes 13. Sweet potatoes 14. Watermelon 15. Carrots 1 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 26 Author Share Posted March 26 Thankyou Truthblast, this is quite important as we need to understand the implications and what it might mean for our future/economy/health/environment Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 CHAPTER 6 Explanatory Notes have been produced to assist in the understanding of this Act and are available separately Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 CHAPTER 6 CONTENTS PART 1 PRECISION BREEDING: DEFINITIONS 1 Precision bred organism 2 Meaning of “plant” and “animal” PART 2 PRECISION BRED ORGANISMS: RELEASE, MARKETING AND RISK ASSESSMENTS Release 3 Restrictions on release of precision bred organism in England 4 Release of precision bred organism: notification requirements Marketing 5 Restrictions on marketing of precision bred organism in England Precision bred confirmation 6 Application for precision bred confirmation 7 Report by advisory committee 8 Issue of precision bred confirmation 9 Revocation of precision bred confirmation Relevant animals: precision bred animal marketing authorisation 10 Meaning of “relevant animal” 11 Application for precision bred animal marketing authorisation 12 Report by welfare advisory body 13 Issue of precision bred animal marketing authorisation ii Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Protection of relevant animals following issue of marketing authorisation Precision bred animal marketing authorisations: reporting obligations Suspension and revocation of precision bred animal marketing authorisation Reviews and appeals relating to Part 2 Reviews and appeals relating to Part 2 Risk assessments Restrictions on importation and acquisition of precision bred organisms in England Register Monitoring and inspection Inspectors Monitoring and inspection of Part 2 obligations Meaning of “Part 2 obligation” Release and marketing: general provisions Advisory bodies Advisory bodies: time limits etc Meaning of “qualifying progeny” Precision bred animal marketing authorisation: adverse effects PART 3 FOOD AND FEED PRODUCED FROM PRECISION BRED ORGANISMS Regulation of food and feed produced from precision bred organisms Food and feed marketing authorisations: register Monitoring and inspection of Part 3 obligations Meaning of “Part 3 obligation” Precision breeding register Interpretation of Part 3 PART 4 ENFORCEMENT Enforcement of relevant breaches: general provisions Meaning of “relevant breach” etc Enforcement Compliance notices Enforcement notices Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) iii 34 Stop notices 35 Monetary penalty notices 36 Content of enforcement notices: further provision 37 Enforcement notices: reviews and appeals 38 Costs Costs PART 5 GENERAL 39 Fees 40 Notices and documents 41 Consequential amendments of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 42 Power to make consequential provision 43 Regulations 44 Interpretation 45 Financial provisions 46 Crown application 47 Extent and application to sea areas 48 Short title and commencement CHARLES III c. 6 Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 2023 CHAPTER 6 An Act to make provision about the release and marketing of, and risk assessments relating to, precision bred plants and animals, and the marketing of food and feed produced from such plants and animals; and for connected purposes. [23rd March 2023] BE IT ENACTED by the King’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— 1 PART 1 PRECISION BREEDING: DEFINITIONS Precision bred organism (1) In this Act “precision bred organism” means a precision bred plant or a precision bred animal. (2) For the purposes of this Act an organism is “precision bred” if— (a) any feature of its genome results from the application of modern biotechnology, (b) every feature of its genome that results from the application of modern biotechnology is stable, (c) every feature of its genome that results from the application of modern biotechnology could have resulted from traditional processes, whether or not in conjunction with selection techniques, alone, and (d) its genome does not contain any feature that results from the application of any artificial modification technique other than modern biotechnology. 2 (3) (4) (5) (6) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 1—Precision breeding: definitions In this Act “modern biotechnology” means any technique mentioned in regulation 5(1)(a) or (b) of the Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/2443). A feature of an organism’s genome is “stable” if it is capable of being propagated whenever the organism is reproduced, whether by sexual or asexual reproduction. In determining whether a feature of an organism’s genome could have resulted from traditional processes, no account is to be taken of— (a) the copy number of the feature, (b) its epigenetic status, or (c) its location in the genome. In this section “traditional processes” means— (a) in relation to plants— (i) sexual fertilisation, (ii) spontaneous mutation, (iii) in vitro fertilisation, (iv) polyploidy induction, (v) embryo rescue, (vi) grafting, (vii) induced mutagenesis, or (viii) somatic hybridisation or cell fusion of plant cells of organisms which are capable of exchanging genetic material by a process within sub-paragraphs (i) to (vii); (b) in relation to animals— (i) sexual fertilisation, (ii) spontaneous mutation, (iii) artificial insemination, (iv) in vitro fertilisation, (v) embryo transfer, (vi) polyploidy induction, or (vii) recovery and transfer of primordial germ cells. An “artificial modification technique” means any technique by which genes or other genetic material can be artificially modified within the meaning of Part 6 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (as it has effect from time to time). If the category of techniques by which, or circumstances in which, genes or other genetic material are taken to be, or not to be, artificially modified for the purposes of Part 6 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 changes by virtue of— (a) regulation 5 of the Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/2443) being modified, or (b) regulations being made under subsection (4B) or (4C) of section 106 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, (7) (8) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 3 Part 1—Precision breeding: definitions (9) (10) (11) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) regulations may modify this section so as to make corresponding changes (with or without variation) to the definition of “modern biotechnology”. Regulations under subsection (8) are subject to the affirmative procedure. An organism to which subsection (11) applies does not fail to be precision bred merely because it does not meet the condition in subsection (2)(d). This subsection applies to an organism which, for the purposes of Part 6 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, is to be taken not to be a genetically modified organism by virtue of— (a) paragraph (3) of the regulation referred to in subsection (8)(a), or (b) regulations under subsection (4C) of section 106 of that Act. Meaning of “plant” and “animal” In this Act “plant” means an organism in the taxonomic group— (a) Archaeplastida, or (b) Phaeophyceae. In this Act “animal” means an organism in the taxonomic group Metazoa, other than a human (or a human admixed embryo). In subsections (1) and (2), references to an organism— (a) include an embryo and all subsequent developmental stages of the organism; (b) in the case of a plant, also include a seed or a vegetative propagule; (c) do not include a gamete. In this Act “gamete”— (a) does not include an egg that is in the process of fertilisation or is undergoing any other process capable of resulting in an embryo, but (b) otherwise includes a mature germ cell capable of initiating fusion with a germ cell of the opposite sex. In this section— “embryo” includes an egg that is in the process of fertilisation or is undergoing any other process capable of resulting in an embryo; “human” includes a human embryo and all subsequent developmental stages of a human; “human admixed embryo” has the same meaning as it has in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 by virtue of section 4A(6) and (11) of that Act. 4 3 (1) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments PART 2 PRECISION BRED ORGANISMS: RELEASE, MARKETING AND RISK ASSESSMENTS Release Restrictions on release of precision bred organism in England A person who has a precision bred organism under their control must not release the organism in England unless— (a) the following apply— (i) the notification requirements are satisfied in relation to the release (see section 4), (ii) the person is a person specified in the release notice under section 4(2), and (iii) the release is carried out in accordance with the release notice, or (b) the organism is— (i) a marketable precision bred organism (see section 5(2)), or (ii) the qualifying progeny of a marketable precision bred organism (see section 24). For the purposes of this Act an organism is under a person’s “control” if the person keeps it contained by measures designed to— (a) limit its contact with humans and the environment, and (b) prevent or minimise the risk of adverse effects as regards the health of humans or the environment. For the purposes of this section and section 4, a person “releases” an organism under their control by deliberately causing or permitting it to— (a) cease to be under their control or the control of anyone else, and (b) enter the environment. Release of precision bred organism: notification requirements The notification requirements are satisfied in relation to the release of an organism if— (a) a person has given a notice (a “release notice”) to the Secretary of State in relation to the release, accompanied by— (i) any required information (see subsection (3)(b)), and (ii) any fee required by regulations under section 39, and (b) any minimum period prescribed by regulations has elapsed since paragraph (a) was satisfied. A release notice must specify one or more persons, or descriptions of person, in relation to the release. Regulations may— (2) (3) 4 (1) (2) (3) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 5 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (4) (5) (6) (7) 5 (1) (2) (3) (a) make provision about the form and content of a release notice (but subject to subsection (2)); (b) prescribe information which must accompany a release notice (“required information”). Regulations under subsection (3) may, in particular, prescribe whom a person may specify under subsection (2) when giving a release notice. For the meaning of “release” see section 3(3). Regulations under subsection (1)(b) are subject to the negative procedure. Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Marketing Restrictions on marketing of precision bred organism in England A person must not market a precision bred organism in England unless— (a) it is a marketable precision bred organism, or (b) it is the qualifying progeny of a marketable precision bred organism. In this Act “marketable precision bred organism” means a precision bred organism in respect of which— (a) a precision bred confirmation is in force, and (b) if it is a relevant animal, a precision bred animal marketing authorisation is in force. For the purposes of this Act— (a) a precision bred organism is “marketed” by a person when products consisting of or including— (i) the precision bred organism, or (ii) its gametes, are made available to other persons, whether or not for consideration, and (b) the marketing occurs in England so far as those products are made available for delivery in England. For provision about the following terms used in subsections (1) and (2) see— (4) qualifying progeny precision bred confirmation relevant animal precision bred animal marketing authorisation section 24 section 8(1)(a)(i) section 10 section 13(1). 6 (5) 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) 7 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 8 (1) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments For the purposes of subsection (2), a precision bred confirmation or precision bred animal marketing authorisation is “in force” if it has been issued and not revoked, and, in the case of an authorisation, is not suspended. Precision bred confirmation Application for precision bred confirmation A person (the “notifier”) may apply for a precision bred confirmation in relation to an organism by giving a notice (a “marketing notice”) to the Secretary of State. Regulations may— (a) make provision about the form and content of a marketing notice, and (b) prescribe information which must accompany a marketing notice (“required information”). As soon as practicable after receiving— (a) a marketing notice, (b) any required information, and (c) any fee prescribed by regulations under section 39, the Secretary of State must refer the marketing notice to the advisory committee (see section 22(1)) by sending the committee the marketing notice and any required information that accompanied it. Regulations under subsection (2) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Report by advisory committee This section applies where the Secretary of State refers a marketing notice to the advisory committee. Within 90 days after the marketing notice is referred to it, the advisory committee must provide a report to the Secretary of State stating— (a) whether it considers the organism to be precision bred, and (b) its reasons for reaching that conclusion. Before the end of that period, the committee may by notice (“an information notice”) request the notifier to provide further information to the committee. The committee’s report to the Secretary of State must be accompanied by any information provided to the committee as the result of an information notice. Subsection (2) is subject to regulations under section 23. Issue of precision bred confirmation As soon as practicable after receiving a report from the advisory committee under section 7(2), the Secretary of State must— (a) if satisfied that the organism is precision bred— Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 7 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (2) 9 (1) (2) (i) issue a statement to that effect (a “precision bred confirmation”), and (ii) give notice of it to the notifier; (b) if not satisfied, give notice to the notifier of that fact. A notice under subsection (1)(b) must state the reasons for not issuing a precision bred confirmation. Revocation of precision bred confirmation Regulations may make provision conferring power on the Secretary of State to revoke a precision bred confirmation relating to an organism if the Secretary of State is no longer satisfied that the organism is precision bred. Regulations made under this section must make provision— (a) for the procedure that is to be followed where the Secretary of State proposes to revoke a precision bred confirmation, which must include provision for— (i) requiring notice of a proposal to revoke a precision bred confirmation to be published in any way that the Secretary of State considers appropriate to bring it to the attention of those affected by it, and (ii) permitting persons affected by the proposal to make representations about it; (b) about the consequences of revoking a precision bred confirmation; (c) for prescribed information to be included in the register (see section 18). Provision made by virtue of subsection (2)(b) must secure that the following are treated as revoked by the revocation of a precision bred confirmation relating to an organism— (a) a precision bred animal marketing authorisation relating to the organism; (b) any marketing authorisation issued under regulations under Part 3 that was issued in reliance, for the purposes of any requirement imposed by virtue of section 26(3)(a), on the organism being a marketable precision bred organism. Regulations under this section may confer a function on the advisory committee. Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Relevant animals: precision bred animal marketing authorisation Meaning of “relevant animal” In this Act “relevant animal” means an animal which is a vertebrate. (3) (4) (5) 10 (1) 8 (2) (3) (4) 11 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments If the definition of “animal” in the Animal Welfare Act 2006 is extended for any purposes by virtue of section 1(3) of that Act to include invertebrates of any description, regulations may amend subsection (1) to extend the definition of “relevant animal” so as to include invertebrates of that description. In this section, “vertebrate” and “invertebrate” have the meanings given by section 1(5) of the Animal Welfare Act 2006. Regulations under subsection (2) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Application for precision bred animal marketing authorisation This section applies where a marketing notice is or has been given to the Secretary of State in relation to a relevant animal. The notifier may apply to the Secretary of State for a precision bred animal marketing authorisation in relation to the relevant animal. An application under this section must include a declaration that the notifier does not expect the health or welfare of the relevant animal or its qualifying progeny to be adversely affected (see section 25) by any precision bred trait (“an animal welfare declaration”). An application under this section must be accompanied by— (a) an assessment of the risks to the health or welfare of the relevant animal or its qualifying progeny which could reasonably be expected to result from any precision bred trait, (b) an explanation of the steps that the notifier has taken to identify the traits and risks mentioned in paragraph (a), (c) any required information (see subsection (5)(b)), and (d) any fee prescribed by regulations under section 39. Regulations may— (a) make provision about the form and content of— (i) an application under this section (but subject to subsection (3)), or (ii) any document required under subsection (4)(a) or (b); (b) prescribe any further information which must accompany the application (“the required information”). After receiving an application under this section accompanied by everything required by subsection (4), the Secretary of State must refer the application to the welfare advisory body (see section 22(3)) by sending the body the application and the documents and information provided under subsection (4)(a) to (c). This is subject to subsection (8). The Secretary of State must refer the application— (a) as soon as practicable, if a precision breeding confirmation has already been issued in relation to the relevant animal; Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 9 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (8) (9) (10) (11) 12 (1) (2) (b) otherwise, at any time before, or as soon as practicable after, such a confirmation is issued. The duty to refer the application does not apply if, before referring it, the Secretary of State decides not to issue a precision breeding confirmation in relation to the relevant animal. Regulations may prescribe circumstances in which an application for a precision bred animal marketing authorisation in relation to a relevant animal may be made by a person other than the notifier (and in those cases references to the notifier, in relation to the marketing authorisation and an application for it, are to be read as references to that person). Regulations under subsection (5) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Regulations under subsection (9) are subject to the negative procedure. Report by welfare advisory body This section applies where the Secretary of State refers an application for a precision bred animal marketing authorisation to the welfare advisory body. Before the end of the reporting period, the welfare advisory body must provide a report to the Secretary of State stating— (a) whether the notifier, in making the animal welfare declaration, has had regard to— (i) the traits identified by the notifier as precision bred traits, and (ii) the risks identified by the notifier as risks to the health or welfare of the animal or its qualifying progeny that could reasonably be expected to result from those traits, (b) whether the notifier has taken reasonable steps to identify those traits and risks and has made an appropriate assessment of those risks, and (c) the reasons for its conclusions on the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b). In this section, the “reporting period” means a period specified in regulations beginning with the day on which the application was referred to the body. Before the end of the reporting period, the body may by notice (“an information notice”) request the notifier to provide further information to the body. The body’s report to the Secretary of State must be accompanied by any information provided to the body as the result of an information notice. Subsections (2) and (3) are subject to regulations under section 23. Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the negative procedure. (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 10 13 (1) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments Issue of precision bred animal marketing authorisation As soon as practicable after receiving a report from the welfare advisory body under section 12(2) in relation to a relevant animal, the Secretary of State must— (a) decide whether to issue a precision bred animal marketing authorisation in respect of the relevant animal, (b) issue the authorisation if the decision is to do so, and (c) notify the notifier— (i) of the decision, and (ii) if the decision is not to issue an authorisation, of the reasons for the decision. The Secretary of State may issue a precision bred animal marketing authorisation only if satisfied— (a) that the notifier, in making the animal welfare declaration, has had regard to— (i) the traits identified by the notifier as precision bred traits, and (ii) the risks identified by the notifier as risks to the health or welfare of the animal or its qualifying progeny that could reasonably be expected to result from those traits, and (b) that the notifier has taken reasonable steps to identify those traits and risks and has made an appropriate assessment of those risks. Protection of relevant animals following issue of marketing authorisation Precision bred animal marketing authorisations: reporting obligations Regulations may make provision for requiring the notifier or any other prescribed person— (a) to provide the Secretary of State with prescribed information about the health or welfare of any animal within subsection (2); (b) to take prescribed steps, in connection with supplying such an animal to another person, to secure that prescribed information about the subsequent health or welfare of— (i) that animal, or (ii) any of its progeny within subsection (2), is provided by, or can be collected from, that other person. An animal is within this subsection if it is— (a) a relevant animal to which a precision bred animal marketing authorisation relates, or (b) its qualifying progeny. Regulations under this section may provide for requirements to apply to information about the health or welfare of a relevant animal or its qualifying progeny during periods— (a) prescribed by the regulations, or (2) 14 (1) (2) (3) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 11 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (4) 15 (1) (b) determined by the Secretary of State in particular cases. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Suspension and revocation of precision bred animal marketing authorisation Regulations may make provision for the Secretary of State— (a) to suspend a precision bred animal marketing authorisation where the Secretary of State receives information (whether by virtue of section 14 or otherwise) relating to the health or welfare of the relevant animal or its qualifying progeny; (b) to revoke a precision bred animal marketing authorisation where, in consequence of such information, the Secretary of State considers the health or welfare of the relevant animal or its qualifying progeny likely to be adversely affected by precision bred traits (see section 25); (c) to suspend or revoke a precision bred animal marketing authorisation where there has been a failure by any person to comply with regulations under section 14. Regulations made under this section must make provision— (a) for the procedure to be followed where the Secretary of State proposes to suspend or revoke a precision bred animal marketing authorisation, (2) (3) (4) (5) 16 (1) (i) requiring notice of the proposal to be published in any way that the Secretary of State considers appropriate to bring it to the attention of those affected by it; (ii) permitting persons affected by the proposal to make representations about it; (b) about the consequences of suspending or revoking a precision bred animal marketing authorisation; (c) for prescribed information to be included in the register (see section 18). Regulations under this section may confer a function on the welfare advisory body. Nothing in this section affects the power for regulations under Part 4 to make provision in relation to a failure to comply with regulations under section 14. Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Reviews and appeals relating to Part 2 Reviews and appeals relating to Part 2 Regulations must make provision for reviews of and appeals against decisions under this Part. which cases— must include provision for the following, except in urgent 12 (2) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments The regulations must, in particular, in relation to each of the decisions mentioned in subsection (3)— (a) secure that any person prescribed by the regulations may— (i) require the Secretary of State to review the decision, and (ii) if not satisfied with the outcome of any such review, appeal against the decision, that the grounds on which a review may be required or an brought include the following— (i) that the decision was based on an error of fact, (ii) that the decision was wrong in law, and (iii) that the decision was unreasonable for any reason, and (c) make provision for such an appeal to be brought in the First-tier Tribunal. Those decisions are— (a) a decision under section 8 not to issue a precision bred confirmation; (b) a decision under section 9 to revoke a precision bred confirmation; (c) a decision under section 13 not to issue a precision bred animal marketing authorisation; (d) a decision under section 15 to suspend or revoke a precision bred animal marketing authorisation. Regulations may make provision as to— (a) the Secretary of State’s functions on a review of a decision under this Part; (b) the powers of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal by virtue of this section. Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Risk assessments Restrictions on importation and acquisition of precision bred organisms in England Regulations may make provision for requiring a person to carry out an environmental risk assessment before— (a) importing a precision bred organism where its destination is in England; (b) acquiring a precision bred organism which is in England. In subsection (1), an “environmental risk assessment” means an assessment of the risks of damage to the environment being caused as result of the person importing or acquiring the organism. Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular, make provision— (a) prescribing how risk assessments are to be carried out; (3) (4) (5) 17 (1) (2) (3) (b) secure appeal Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 13 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (4) (5) (6) 18 (1) (b) prescribing matters which must be taken into account, investigated or assessed by persons carrying out risk assessments; (c) requiring risk assessments to be kept under review; (d) requiring records to be kept of risk assessments and for those records to be provided to the Secretary of State. Provision that may be made by virtue of subsection (3) includes provision requiring persons carrying out risk assessments to obtain advice from prescribed persons. For the purposes of this section— (a) “acquire”, in relation to precision bred organisms, includes any method by which such organisms may come to be in a person’s possession, other than by their being imported; (b) “damage to the environment” is caused by the presence in the environment of a precision bred organism which is no longer under anyone’s control (see section 3(2)) and is capable of causing adverse effects as regards the health of humans or the environment. Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Register Precision breeding register The Secretary of State must establish and maintain a register (“the register”) containing prescribed information about— (a) release notices and any required information (see section 4(1)(a)); (b) marketing notices and any required information (see section 6(1) and (2)); (c) reports provided by the advisory committee to the Secretary of State under section 7(2); (d) information provided to the advisory committee in accordance with an information notice given by the committee (see section 7(3)); (e) notices given by the Secretary of State under section 8(1); (f) reports provided by the welfare advisory body to the Secretary of State under section 12(2); (g) information provided to welfare advisory body in accordance with an information notice given by the body (see section 12(4)); (h) notices given by the Secretary of State under section 13(1); (i) enforcement notices (see section 32(3)); (j) such other matters relating to this Act as may be prescribed. The Secretary of State must not include information in the register if, on request by a person, the Secretary of State determines that the information is for the time being commercially confidential in relation to that person. This is subject to subsection (4). (2) 14 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 19 (1) (2) (3) (4) 20 (1) (2) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments Subsection (2) ceases to apply if the Secretary of State determines that the information is no longer commercially confidential (whether or not on request by a person). For the purposes of subsections (2) and (3), the following information is not to be regarded as commercially confidential— (a) the name of any person giving the notices and required information mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b); (b) a general description of any precision bred organism. The Secretary of State must ensure that the register is accessible to the public free of charge by electronic means. Regulations may make provision for the keeping of the register. Regulations under subsection (1) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Regulations under subsection (6) are subject to the negative procedure. Monitoring and inspection Inspectors The Secretary of State may appoint inspectors for the purposes of this Part. An inspector appointed under this section is not liable in any civil or criminal proceedings for anything done in the purported exercise of the inspector’s functions under section 20 or Part 4 if the court is satisfied that the act was done in good faith and that there were reasonable grounds for doing it. Relief from liability of an inspector under subsection (2) does not affect any liability of any other person in respect of the inspector’s act. In this Part “inspector” means an inspector appointed under this section. Monitoring and inspection of Part 2 obligations Regulations may make provision for— (a) monitoring compliance with Part 2 obligations, and (b) investigating suspected failures to comply with Part 2 obligations. Subject to subsection (3), regulations under this section may, in particular, make provision— (a) conferring powers on inspectors— (i) to enter premises; (ii) to inspect and search premises; (iii) to take copies of documents; (iv) to take photographs and samples; (v) to require the provision of information; (b) for allowing inspectors, in carrying out their functions, to be accompanied by other persons; Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 15 Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments (3) (c) for treating matters as relevant breaches (see section 31), including— (i) obstructing an inspector; (ii) providing false information to an inspector; (iii) impersonating an inspector. Regulations under this section— (a) may not create criminal offences; (b) may not authorise an inspector to enter a private dwelling without the consent of the occupier except in exercise of a warrant issued by a justice of the peace; (c) may not authorise the use of force to enter premises; (d) must contain provision to prohibit information obtained by inspectors under the regulations being used or disclosed otherwise than— (i) for the purposes of this Part or Part 6 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, or (ii) for prescribed purposes relating to safeguarding the health and welfare of animals. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Meaning of “Part 2 obligation” In this Act “Part 2 obligation” means any requirement, other than one within subsection (2), imposed— (a) by or under this Part, or (b) by a compliance notice or stop notice issued in connection with a requirement imposed by or under this Part, including, in particular, a requirement imposed by an inspector in exercise of the inspector’s functions. The following are not Part 2 obligations— (a) a request made in an information notice (within the meaning of section 23) given by an advisory body, or (b) any obligation of the Secretary of State, an advisory body or an inspector. Regulations may provide for references to a failure to comply with a Part 2 obligation to include references to providing or recording information, or making a statement, that is false or misleading— (a) in purported compliance with a Part 2 obligation, or (b) in connection with any application or review, or any proposal to suspend or revoke a confirmation or authorisation, under this Part. For the purposes of this section “requirement” includes “prohibition”. Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure. (4) 21 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 16 22 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 23 (1) (2) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 2—Precision bred organisms: release, marketing and risk assessments Release and marketing: general provisions Advisory bodies References in this Act to the advisory committee are to the committee appointed by the Secretary of State under section 124(1) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. The advisory committee must, at the request of the Secretary of State, provide advice on any matter relevant to the Secretary of State’s functions under sections 6 to 9 (precision bred confirmation). References in this Act to the welfare advisory body are to such committee or other body as may be designated by regulations. A body designated by regulations under subsection (3) may be— (a) a committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Part, or (b) a body— (i) established by or under any other Act, or (ii) which otherwise exercises functions of a public nature. The welfare advisory body must, at the request of the Secretary of State, provide advice on any matter relevant to the Secretary of State’s functions under sections 11 to 15 (precision bred animal marketing authorisation). Subsections (7) and (8) apply to any committee appointed by the Secretary of State under subsection (4)(a). Members of the committee are to hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of their appointment. The Secretary of State may pay to members of the committee such remuneration and allowances as the Secretary of State may determine. Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Advisory bodies: time limits etc Regulations may— (a) make provision for a reporting period relating to an organism not to run while the information requested by any information notice given in relation to the organism has not been provided; (b) make provision for a relevant application relating to an organism to be treated as withdrawn if the information requested by any information notice given in relation to the organism is not provided within a prescribed period. In this section— “information notice” means an information notice under section 7 (report by advisory committee) or 12 (report by welfare advisory body); Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 17 Part 3—Food and feed produced from precision bred organisms (3) (4) 24 25 (1) (2) 26 (1) (2) “relevant application” means a marketing notice or an application for a precision bred animal marketing authorisation; “reporting period” means— (a) a 90 day period mentioned in section 7(2), or (b) a reporting period within the meaning of section 12. For the purposes of this section— (a) an information notice is given in relation to an organism if it is given in connection with a relevant application relating to the organism, and (b) a reporting period relates to an organism if it applies for the purposes of a relevant application relating to the organism. Regulations under subsection (1) are subject to the negative procedure. Meaning of “qualifying progeny” In this Act “qualifying progeny”, in relation to a marketable precision bred organism, means any progeny of the organism whose genome does not contain any feature resulting from the application of modern biotechnology, apart from features inherited from that or any other marketable precision bred organism. Precision bred animal marketing authorisation: adverse effects Regulations may prescribe circumstances in which the health or welfare of a relevant animal or its qualifying progeny is, or is not, to be regarded for the purposes of— (a) section 11(3), or (b) section 15(1)(b), as being adversely affected by any precision bred trait. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. PART 3 FOOD AND FEED PRODUCED FROM PRECISION BRED ORGANISMS Regulation of food and feed produced from precision bred organisms Regulations may make provision for regulating the placing on the market in England of food and feed produced from precision bred organisms. Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular— (a) prohibit any person from placing food or feed produced from a precision bred organism on the market in England except in accordance with a marketing authorisation issued by the Secretary of State under the regulations in relation to the organism, and (b) impose requirements for the purpose of securing traceability in relation to food or feed produced from precision bred organisms that is placed on the market in England. 18 (3) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 3—Food and feed produced from precision bred organisms Regulations made by virtue of subsection (2)(a) may, in particular, prescribe requirements that must be satisfied in order for the Secretary of State to issue a food and feed marketing authorisation in relation to a precision bred organism which may include requirements— (a) that the precision bred organism— (i) is a marketable precision bred organism, or (ii) is the qualifying progeny of a marketable precision bred organism; (b) for securing that— (i) any food or feed produced from the organism and covered by the authorisation will not have adverse effects on human or animal health; (ii) the way in which any such food or feed will be placed on the market will not mislead consumers; (iii) the production of any such food or feed will not have adverse effects on the environment; (iv) consuming any such food or feed in place of other food or feed that it might reasonably be expected to replace will not be nutritionally disadvantageous to humans or animals. Regulations made by virtue of subsection (2)(a) may also make provision, in particular— (a) about the procedure for determining applications for food and feed marketing authorisations; (b) for food and feed marketing authorisations to be issued subject to conditions and limitations; (c) for varying or cancelling conditions or limitations that apply to food and feed marketing authorisations, or imposing new ones; (d) about revocation of food and feed marketing authorisations; (e) about publication of information relating to applications for food and feed marketing authorisations. In subsection (4), references to applications for food and feed marketing authorisations include references to applications to vary or cancel conditions or limitations that apply to marketing authorisations. Provision that may be made by virtue of subsection (4) includes provision conferring functions on the Food Standards Agency, which may include provision— (a) for requiring the Food Standards Agency, in carrying out a function conferred by the regulations— (i) to obtain advice or information from, or consult, persons of prescribed descriptions; (ii) to carry out risk assessments; (b) relating to any risk assessment required by the regulations. (4) (5) (6) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 19 Part 3—Food and feed produced from precision bred organisms (7) (8) Regulations which, by virtue of subsection (6)(a)(i), impose an obligation on any person other than the Food Standards Agency may provide that the obligation is not a Part 3 obligation (see section 29). Regulations made by virtue of subsection (2)(a)— (a) may prescribe who is authorised to place food and feed on the market by virtue of a food and feed marketing authorisation, which may, in particular, be— (i) only the person who applied for the authorisation, (ii) any person, or (iii) any person of a prescribed description, and (b) may provide for any provision made by virtue of paragraph (a) to be subject, in the case of a particular food and feed marketing authorisation, to any limitation to which the authorisation is subject. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Food and feed marketing authorisations: register Regulations may make provision for requiring the Food Standards Agency to establish and maintain a public register containing prescribed particulars relating to food and feed marketing authorisations (the “food and feed register”). Regulations under subsection (1) may provide for information provided to the Secretary of State or the Food Standards Agency in connection with food and feed marketing authorisations or applications for them, or with applications to vary or cancel conditions or limitations, to be included in the food and feed register. The particulars prescribed under subsection (1) in relation to a food and feed marketing authorisation may include, in particular, particulars of any confirmation or authorisation issued under Part 2 that may be required in connection with the authorisation by virtue of section 26(3)(a). Regulations under subsection (1) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Monitoring and inspection of Part 3 obligations Regulations may make provision for designating one or more bodies within subsection (2) as enforcement authorities with functions of— (a) monitoring compliance with Part 3 obligations, and (b) investigating suspected failures to comply with Part 3 obligations. A body is within this subsection if it— (a) is established by or under any other Act, or (b) otherwise exercises functions of a public nature. Subject to subsection (4), regulations under this section may, in particular, make provision— (9) 27 (1) (2) (3) (4) 28 (1) (2) (3) 20 Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 3—Food and feed produced from precision bred organisms (a) conferring powers on enforcement authorities to appoint inspectors to carry out functions under the regulations; (b) conferring functions on an inspector, including— (i) powers of entry, inspection, examination, search and seizure; (ii) powers to take copies of documents, photographs and samples; (iii) powers to impose requirements; (iv) powers to require the provision of information; (c) for allowing inspectors, in carrying out their functions, to be accompanied by other persons; (d) for treating matters as relevant breaches, including— (i) obstructing an inspector; (ii) providing false information to an inspector; (iii) impersonating an inspector; (e) for relief for inspectors from criminal or civil liability for acts done in good faith in the purported exercise of their functions; (f) corresponding to, or applying (with or without modifications), any provision made by or under— (i) the Food Safety Act 1990; (ii) section 67 of the Agriculture Act 1970. Regulations under this section— (a) may not create criminal offences; (b) may not authorise an inspector to enter a private dwelling without the consent of the occupier except in exercise of a warrant issued by a justice of the peace. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Meaning of “Part 3 obligation” In this Act “Part 3 obligation” means any requirement, other than one within subsection (3), imposed— (a) by or under this Part, or (b) by a compliance notice or stop notice issued in connection with a requirement imposed by or under this Part. Part 3 obligations include, in particular— (a) where a food and feed marketing authorisation is subject to conditions, the obligation to comply with those conditions; (b) any requirement imposed by an inspector in exercise of the inspector’s functions. The following are not Part 3 obligations— (a) an obligation of the Secretary of State, the Food Standards Agency or an inspector; (b) any obligation that is not a Part 3 obligation by virtue of provision made under section 26(7). (4) (5) 29 (1) (2) (3) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 21 Part 4—Enforcement (4) (5) (6) 30 (1) Regulations may provide for references to a failure to comply with a Part 3 obligation to include references to providing or recording information, or making a statement, that is false or misleading— (a) in purported compliance with a Part 3 obligation, or (b) in connection with any application or review, or any proposal to suspend or revoke an authorisation or to vary, revoke or impose conditions or limitations, under this Part. For the purposes of this section “requirement” includes “prohibition”. Regulations under subsection (4) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Interpretation of Part 3 In this Part— “feed” has the meaning given by Article 3(4) of the Food Regulation; “food” has the same meaning as in the Food Regulation (see Article 2 of that Regulation); “food and feed marketing authorisation” means a marketing authorisation issued under regulations under section 26 in relation to a precision bred organism; “the Food Regulation” means Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety; “inspector” means a person appointed as such under regulations under section 28; “traceability”, in relation to food or feed produced from a precision bred organism, means the ability to trace and follow the organism and the food or feed through all stages of production, processing and distribution. For the purposes of this Part, food or feed is produced “from” a precision bred organism if it contains or consists of, or is otherwise derived from, the precision bred organism. References in this Part to food or feed being placed on the market are to be read in accordance with Article 3(8) of the Food Regulation. PART 4 ENFORCEMENT Enforcement of relevant breaches: general provisions Meaning of “relevant breach” etc In this Act “relevant breach”, in relation to a person, means a failure by the person to comply with a relevant obligation, but— (2) (3) 31 (1) 22 (2) (3) (4) 32 (1) (2) (3) (4) (a) (b) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 4—Enforcement in relation to an inspector appointed under section 19, means a failure to comply with a Part 2 obligation; in relation to an inspector appointed under regulations under section 28, means a failure to comply with a Part 3 obligation. In this Part— (a) “inspector” means an inspector appointed under section 19 or under regulations under section 28; (b) “relevant obligation” means a Part 2 obligation or a Part 3 obligation. Regulations may make provision for— (a) persons to be treated as having failed to comply with a Part 3 obligation in circumstances corresponding or similar to those in which section 20 of the Food Safety Act 1990 provides for persons to be guilty of an offence under that section; (b) a failure to comply with a Part 3 obligation not to be regarded as a relevant breach in circumstances corresponding or similar to those in which sections 21 and 22 of the Food Safety Act 1990 provide for defences to offences under that Act. Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Enforcement Regulations may make provision for— (a) an inspector to issue either of the following— (i) a compliance notice (see section 33); (ii) a stop notice (see section 34); (b) the Secretary of State or an inspector to issue a monetary penalty notice (see section 35); to a person in relation to a relevant breach. Regulations may provide for a requirement imposed by a stop notice to be enforceable, on the application of the Secretary of State, by injunction. This does not affect the enforcement of the requirement (or power to make provision for its enforcement) in any other way (whether by monetary penalty notice or otherwise). In this Act “enforcement notice” means— (a) a compliance notice, (b) a stop notice, or (c) a monetary penalty notice. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 23 Part 4—Enforcement 33 (1) (2) (3) (4) 34 (1) (2) (3) (4) 35 (1) (2) Compliance notices Enforcement notices In this Act “compliance notice” means a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take specified steps within a specified period. Regulations which provide for the issue of a compliance notice must secure— (a) that a compliance notice may be issued only where the inspector issuing the notice is satisfied that the person to whom it is issued has committed or is committing a relevant breach, (b) that the steps specified under subsection (1) are steps that the inspector considers will ensure that the relevant breach does not continue or recur, and (c) that the period specified under subsection (1) is not less than 14 days beginning with the day on which the notice is received. Sections 36 and 37 make further provision about compliance notices. In this section “specified”, in relation to a compliance notice, means specified in the notice. Stop notices In this Act “stop notice” means a notice prohibiting the person to whom it is issued— (a) from carrying on a specified activity, or (b) from doing so until the person has taken specified steps. Regulations which provide for the issue of a stop notice must secure— (a) that a stop notice may be issued to a person only where the inspector issuing the notice reasonably believes that the person to whom it is issued has committed or is likely to commit a relevant breach, and (b) that the steps specified under subsection (1)(b) are steps that the inspector issuing the notice considers will ensure that the specified activity will be carried on in a way that does not involve the person committing a relevant breach. Sections 36 and 37 make further provision about stop notices. In this section “specified”, in relation to a stop notice, means specified in the notice. Monetary penalty notices In this Act “monetary penalty notice” means a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to pay a sum specified in the notice (a “monetary penalty”) to the appropriate authority. In this section “appropriate authority” means— (a) in relation to a Part 2 obligation, the Secretary of State; 24 (3) (4) (5) 36 (1) (2) (3) 37 (1) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 4—Enforcement (b) in relation to a Part 3 obligation, an enforcement authority. Regulations which provide for the issue of a monetary penalty notice must secure that the Secretary of State or an inspector may issue a monetary penalty notice only where satisfied that the person to whom it is issued has committed a relevant breach. Regulations which provide for the issue of a monetary penalty notice must require the notice to state— (a) how payment may be made, (b) the period within which payment must be made, and (c) the consequences of late payment or failure to pay. Regulations which provide for the issue of a monetary penalty notice may make provision— (a) for the payment of interest on late payment; (b) as to how any amounts payable by virtue of the regulations are to be recoverable. Content of enforcement notices: further provision Regulations which provide for the issue of an enforcement notice to a person must require the notice to state— (a) the grounds for issuing the notice, (b) the person’s rights to require a review of or appeal against the notice, and (c) the consequences of failure to comply with the notice. The statement required by virtue of subsection (1)(a) must include information specifying— (a) the relevant obligation to which the relevant breach relates, and (b) the matters which, in the opinion of the inspector or Secretary of State issuing the notice, constitute the failure to comply with that obligation. Regulations which provide for the issue of an enforcement notice may provide for the variation or revocation of the notice— (a) by the Secretary of State, in the case of a monetary penalty notice issued by the Secretary of State; (b) by an inspector, in any other case. Enforcement notices: reviews and appeals Regulations which provide for the issue of an enforcement notice to a person must— (a) secure that the person to whom it is issued may— (i) require the Secretary of State to review the decision to issue the notice, and (ii) if not satisfied with the outcome of any such review, appeal against that decision; Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 25 Part 4—Enforcement (2) 38 (1) (2) (3) (4) (i) that the decision was based on an error of fact, (ii) that the decision was wrong in law, (iii) that any steps specified in the notice were unreasonable, (iv) in the case of a stop notice, that the person to whom it was issued had not committed the relevant breach and would not have done so had the notice not been issued, (v) in the case of a monetary penalty notice, that the amount of the penalty was unreasonable, and (vi) that the decision was unreasonable for any other reason, (c) make provision for such an appeal to be brought in the First-tier Tribunal, and (d) make provision for suspending the operation of a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice where an appeal is brought under the regulations in relation to the notice pending the outcome of the appeal. Regulations which provide for the issue of an enforcement notice may make provision as to— (a) the Secretary of State’s functions on a review of a decision to issue an enforcement notice, or (b) the powers of the First-tier Tribunal on an appeal by virtue of this section. Costs Costs Regulations may make provision for an appropriate authority, by notice (a “costs notice”) to require a person to pay the costs incurred by the authority in relation to an enforcement notice up to the time of its issue. In this section, “appropriate authority”, in relation to an enforcement notice, means— (a) in relation to a Part 2 obligation, the Secretary of State; (b) in relation to a Part 3 obligation, an enforcement authority. In subsection (1), “costs” includes, in particular— (a) investigation costs; (b) administration costs; (c) costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice). Regulations which provide for the issue of a costs notice to a person must secure that— (a) the notice specifies the amount required to be paid, (b) the person to whom the notice is issued may require the person issuing it to provide a detailed breakdown of the amount, (b) secure appeal that the grounds on which a review may be required or an brought include the following— 26 Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 5—General (c) the person to whom the costs notice is issued is not liable to pay any costs which that person shows to have been unnecessarily incurred, (d) the person to whom the notice is issued may— (i) require the Secretary of State to review a relevant decision, and (ii) if not satisfied with the outcome of any such review, appeal against that decision, and (e) the grounds on which a review may be required or an appeal brought include— (i) in the case of a decision as to the amount of the costs, that the amount includes any amount referable to any costs unnecessarily incurred, (ii) that the decision was based on an error of fact, (iii) that the decision was wrong in law, and (iv) that the decision was unreasonable for any other reason. Regulations which provide for the issue of a costs notice to a person must also make provision— (a) for an appeal under the regulations to be brought in the First-tier Tribunal, and (b) for suspending the operation of a costs notice where an appeal is brought under the regulations pending the outcome of the appeal. In subsection (4), “relevant decision”, in relation to a costs notice, means— (a) the decision to issue the notice, or (b) the decision as to the amount of the costs. Regulations which provide for the issue of a costs notice may make provision— (a) for the payment of interest on late payment; (b) as to how any amounts payable by virtue of the regulations are to be recoverable. Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. (5) (6) (7) (8) 39 (1) (2) PART 5 GENERAL Fees Regulations may make provision requiring a fee to be paid to the appropriate authority in respect of the exercise of any function conferred by or under Part 2 or Part 3. In this section “appropriate authority” means— (a) in relation to a function conferred by or under Part 2, the Secretary of State; (b) in relation to a function conferred by or under under Part 3, the Food Standards Agency. Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 27 Part 5—General (3) (4) Regulations which require the payment of a fee must prescribe— (a) the amount of the fee, or (b) how the amount of the fee is to be calculated. In prescribing the amount of a fee in respect of a function (or any other amount by reference to which the fee is to be calculated) the Secretary of State may have regard to the desirability of securing that, as far as practicable and taking one year with another, the following are equal— (a) income of the appropriate authority from fees referable to the function, and (b) expenditure incurred by— (i) the Secretary of State, in the case of a function conferred by or under Part 2, or (ii) the Secretary of State, the Food Standards Agency or enforcement authorities, in the case of a function conferred by or under Part 3, in exercising the function (including a reasonable share of expenditure which is referable only partly or indirectly to the exercise of that function). Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure. Notices and documents Regulations may make provision about— (a) how a notice or other document may be issued or given under this Act; (b) when such a notice or document is to be treated as being received. Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Consequential amendments of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 The Environmental Protection Act 1990 is amended as follows. After section 106 insert— (5) 40 (1) (2) 41 (1) (2) “106A (1) (2) Exclusion of precision bred organisms from English application of Part In this Part as it applies in relation to England, references to genetically modified organisms (except in this section and section 127)— (a) do not include references to precision bred organisms; (b) so far as they relate to marketing, also do not include references to gametes of precision bred organisms. For the purposes of subsection (1), this Part applies in relation to England so far as it applies in relation to— (a) importing genetically modified organisms where their destination is in England; 28 Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 5—General (b) acquiring genetically modified organisms which are in England; (c) keeping or releasing genetically modified organisms in England; (d) marketing a genetically modified organism so far as the organism (or, where the organism is marketed by virtue of a product consisting of or including the organism being made available to other persons, that product) is made available for delivery in England. In this section “precision bred organism” and “gamete” have the same meanings as in the Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023.” (3) 42 (1) (2) (3) (4) 43 (1) (2) (3) (4) In section 124 (advisory committee for purposes of Part 6), in subsection (1), at the end insert— “For other functions of the committee, see Part 2 of the Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023.” Power to make consequential provision Regulations may make supplementary, incidental or consequential provision in connection with any provision of or made under this Act. Regulations under this section may modify legislation. Regulations under this section which contain provision modifying primary legislation (with or without other provision) are subject to the affirmative procedure. Other regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure. Regulations This section applies to regulations under this Act other than regulations under section 48 (commencement regulations). Regulations are to be made by statutory instrument. A power to make regulations includes power— (a) to make— (i) different provision for different purposes; (ii) transitional, transitory or saving provision; (b) to confer a function involving the exercise of a discretion. (See section 42(1) for power to make consequential, incidental and supplemental provision.) Where regulations under this Act are subject to the affirmative procedure, the regulations may not be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing them has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament. (3) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 29 Part 5—General 44 (5) (6) Where regulations under this Act are subject to the negative procedure, the statutory instrument containing them is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. Any provision that may be made by regulations under this Act subject to the negative procedure may be made in regulations subject to the affirmative procedure. Interpretation In this Act the following terms have the following meanings— “advisory body” means the advisory committee or welfare advisory body; “the advisory committee” has the meaning given by section 22(1); “the affirmative procedure” has the meaning given by section 43(4); “animal” has the meaning given by section section 2(2); “compliance notice” has the meaning given by section 33(1); “control” is to be read in accordance with section 3(2); “enforcement authority” means a body designated as such under section 28(1); “enforcement notice” has the meaning given by section 32(3); “the environment” includes land, air, water and living organisms supported by any of those media; “gamete” has the meaning given by section 2(4); “legislation” means— (a) primary legislation, (b) retained direct EU legislation, or (c) subordinate legislation; “marketable precision bred organism” has the meaning given by section 5(2); “marketing notice” has the meaning given by section 6(1); “modern biotechnology” has the meaning given by section 1(3); “modify”, in relation to legislation, includes amend, repeal or revoke (and related terms are to be read accordingly); “monetary penalty notice” has the meaning given by section 35(1); “the negative procedure” has the meaning given by section 43(5); “notifier”, in relation to a marketing notice, has the meaning given by section 6(1) (but see section 11(9)); “organism” (except in section 2) means plant or animal; “Part 2 obligation” has the meaning given by section 21; “Part 3 obligation” has the meaning given by section 29; “plant” has the meaning given by section 2(1); “precision bred” has the meaning given by section 1; “precision bred animal marketing authorisation” means a marketing authorisation issued under section 13(1); “precision bred confirmation” has the meaning given by section 8(1)(a)(i); 30 Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) Part 5—General “precision bred organism” has the meaning given by section 1(1); “precision bred trait”, in relation to a relevant animal, means a trait of the animal which results from a feature of the animal’s genome that results from the application of modern biotechnology; “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations; “primary legislation” means— (a) an Act, (b) an Act of the Scottish Parliament, (c) an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru, or (d) Northern Ireland legislation; “progeny”, in relation to a precision bred organism, includes any progeny of the organism, whether resulting from sexual or asexual reproduction; “qualifying progeny” has the meaning given by section 24; “the register” has the meaning given by section 18; “regulations” means regulations made by the Secretary of State; “relevant animal” has the meaning given by section 10; “relevant breach” has the meaning given by section 31(1); “stop notice” has the meaning given by section 34(1); “subordinate legislation” means an instrument made under primary legislation or under retained direct EU legislation; “the welfare advisory body” has the meaning given by section 22(3). Financial provisions The following are to be paid out of money provided by Parliament— (a) any expenditure incurred under or by virtue of this Act by the Secretary of State or the Food Standards Agency, and (b) sums payable out of money so provided under any other Act. Crown application This Act binds the Crown. If the Secretary of State certifies that it appears to the Secretary of State appropriate in the interests of national security that powers of entry conferred under this Act should not be exercisable in relation to Crown premises specified in the certificate, those powers are not exercisable in relation to those premises. In subsection (2), “Crown premises” means premises held, or used, by or on behalf of the Crown. No power of entry conferred under this Act may be exercised in relation to land belonging to His Majesty in right of His private estates. In subsection (4), the reference to His Majesty’s private estates is to be construed in accordance with section 1 of the Crown Private Estates Act 1862. 45 46 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023 (c. 6) 31 Part 5—General 47 (1) (2) (3) (4) 48 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Extent and application to sea areas Subject as follows, this Act extends to England and Wales only. Part 1 and section 41 extend to England and Wales and Scotland only. Sections 42 to 46, this section and section 48 extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. This Act— (a) applies to the territorial sea adjacent to England as it applies in England; (b) applies to any area for the time being designated under section 1(7) of the Continental Shelf Act 1964 as it applies in England. Short title and commencement This Act may be cited as the Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act 2023. Part 1 comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed. Parts 2 to 4 and sections 39 and 40 come into force— (a) so far as necessary to enable the exercise of any power to make regulations, on the day on which this Act is passed; (b) for remaining purposes, on such day as regulations may appoint. Section 41 comes into force on such day as regulations may appoint. The rest of this Part comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed. Regulations under this section may appoint different days for different purposes. Regulations may make transitional, transitory or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act. Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 28 Author Share Posted March 28 According to this, no one has signed this petition. What he says is right imo. “A British Subject started this petition We the people stand against being fed mutated and genetically modified plant and animal matter against our will and without our knowing. We demand this entire act be discarded. This act sets a dangerous precedent, in which the government can allow food producers to meddle with the natural laws, and force regular people to ingest meterial and chemical compounds that could have adverse health effects to the public. genetically modified food is well known through countless studies to produce a lower quality of food in terms of nutritional components in favour of a larger yield but can also have severe detrimental effects upon the consumers health. These toxic effects can be but are not limited to: hepatic, pancreatic, renal, or reproductive effects and may alter the hematological, biochemical, and immunologic parameters of the consumers body in several negative ways. The AAEM (American Academy of Emergency Medicine) called for a moratorium on genetically modified foods, labeling, and long-term independent studies. Their position paper stated that several animal studies had indicated serious health risks associated with genetically modified foods, including: Infertility Insulin regulation Accelerated aging Immune problems Changes in major organs Changes in the gastrointestinal system The AAEM also stated that there is more than a casual association between genetically modified foods and adverse health effects. "The strength of association and consistency between genetically modified foods and disease is confirmed in several animal studies," according to the AAEM.” https://www.change.org/p/stop-the-genetic-technology-precision-breeding-act-of-2023 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 28 Author Share Posted March 28 Five Herbs and Spices to Turn Ordinary Meals into “Supermeals” TOPICS:DietGreenMedInfoNutrition MARCH 27, 2023 By GreenMedInfo Research Group Incorporating these five herbs and spices into your daily diet may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, protect your brain from neurodegeneration, stimulate your immune system and protect against inflammation, among other benefits. Best of all, these ingredients are all easily available and may already exist in your pantry or spice rack. Over the years, researchers have become increasingly interested in the effects of diet and natural compounds on human health, finding that many herbs and spices are equally or more effective than many conventional medicines and treatments, and often present far fewer adverse effects while being more cost-effective. Here are five herbs and spices you can add to your diet to turn ordinary meals into nutrient-dense “supermeals”: 1. Garlic Garlic, a member of the Allium family, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, but recent research has found that garlic has immunoregulation properties that fight against the development of conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.[i] Garlic’s strong immunostimulation effects work by modulating cytokine secretion and directly stimulating immune cells, promoting efficient cellular response to viral infections and other diseases.[ii] Additional research on the benefits of garlic for cardiovascular disease prevention and therapy shows that garlic intake increases fibrinolytic activity in both healthy patients and those who have had a heart attack, reducing the risk of a blood clot.[iii] Garlic also works to decrease serum lipids levels and blood pressure, both of which are associated with cardiovascular disease.[iv],[v] Finally, multiple studies show that garlic may also prevent neurodegenerative disease progression. Garlic’s neuroprotective effects are probably due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-atherogenic benefits, which work together to prevent the risk of diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and motor neuron diseases.[vi] 2. Ginger Even among lay individuals, ginger is well-known for its gastrointestinal benefits and is widely used as a natural remedy for stomachache, nausea, vomiting, belching, diarrhea and other gastric ailments, including irritable bowel syndrome.[vii] Ginger and its metabolites accumulate in the digestive tract, which explains its potent digestive benefits, but research has demonstrated that ginger’s therapeutic potential extends beyond its gastrointestinal benefits.[viii] Several of the biological constituents of ginger, including gingerol and zingerone, may reduce the risk of various types of cancer via their anti-tumor properties and antioxidant activity.[ix] By up-regulating the tumor repression gene, these biological constituents can inhibit tumor growth or even prevent their occurrence. These findings have been demonstrated for both breast and prostate cancers, but researchers believe that ginger may be a novel therapeutic approach to preventing and treating a variety of cancers, with fewer side effects than the conventional treatment methods such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy drugs.[x] 3. Turmeric Like ginger, the benefits of turmeric and its main constituent curcumin are well-known. Curcumin has been studied extensively for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and researchers have demonstrated that turmeric supplementation may prevent cardiovascular disease and produce neuroprotective effects.[xi] Because of its anti-inflammatory effects, curcumin is a potential treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, arthritis and breast and prostate cancers.[xii],[xiii] Additionally, curcumin boasts neuroprotective properties and may reduce the risk or delay the development of Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Down syndrome and autism.[xiv] While adverse effects associated with the consumption of curcumin or turmeric are rare, the bioavailability of curcumin does present some challenges. By combining turmeric with black pepper, which contains the alkaloid piperine, it’s possible to increase the absorption rate of curcumin.[xv],[xvi] 4. Chili Pepper Capsaicin, a phytochemical in chili peppers that impacts the spiciness, is known for promoting vascular health, as well as improving metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and stroke risk.[xvii],[xviii] Capsaicin’s effects on these diseases seem to be multifaceted: for example, while a reduction of obesity decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, capsaicin also works to improve coronary blood flow, improving overall heart health. Also, capsaicin’s antimicrobial properties seem to positively impact the health of the gut microbiome, indirectly improving the risk of metabolic syndrome.[xix] In addition to these benefits, researchers believe that the consumption of chili peppers could drastically improve micronutrient deficiency.[xx]Micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and trace elements are severely lacking from the global diet and are necessary for the prevention of various diseases, healthy early childhood development, and the breakdown and absorption of macronutrients.[xxi]Micronutrients contained in chili peppers include Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Molybdenum and Iron: [xxii] Micronutrients cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet, and researchers have been impressed with the potency and high number of these compounds in chili peppers, reporting, “Significant portions of recommended daily nutrients could be supplied by the incorporation of nutrient‐rich chili pepper into human diets.” [xxiii],[xxiv] 5. Saffron Saffron, like turmeric, is a golden spice with therapeutic properties, although it is less well-known. Saffron has been studied for its beneficial effects on gastrointestinal diseases, the gut microbiome, the stomach, hepatitis, colitis and cancer, among other disorders.[xxv] In addition to these benefits, saffron may be a beneficial natural treatment for mild to moderate depression, and in one study was equally effective as popular antidepressant drugs imipramine and fluoxetine.[xxvi] While researchers aren’t sure exactly how saffron produces these effects, it seems that saffron increases mood-elevating chemicals like serotonin in the brain by inhibiting serotonin reuptake, keeping serotonin levels high and prolonging serotonin’s positive effects.[xxvii] Adding these five herbs and spices to your daily cooking routine is the easiest way to procure their benefits. By sprinkling on your roasted vegetables, adding to smoothies or shakes, or including them in your marinades and dressings, you can drastically increase the nutritional content of your everyday meals. To learn more about the potent benefits of these ingredients and others in your pantry, visit the GreenMedInfo research database on culinary herbs and spices. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 28 Author Share Posted March 28 Disbelief as “Green King” Gives Royal Assent to New Gene Breeding Technology TOPICS:BiotechDNAGeneticsJulian RoseScienceUK MARCH 27, 2023 By Julian Rose In one of the more shocking hypocrisies of this year so far, Charles 111, King of England – considered to be a strong supporter of organic farming and environmental causes – has given his Royal Assent to a biotechnology ‘innovation’ which will provide an open book for UK firms to alter the genome of animals and plants, so as to create novel engineered species and biotech ‘foods’. In taking this step, Charles has committed an open act of betrayal of all bona fide farmers, and particularly of organic farmers. The Genetic Technology Precision Breeding Act 2023 was given the royal go ahead on 23rd March, 2023. * This piece of legislation will, for the time being, be unique to the UK, as such animal and plant biotech deformations are not allowed in the EU and many other countries. A secondary deception relates to the marketing of such novel recombinant DNA experiments. The UK government has stated that no separate definition will be given to gene technology-engineered products, therefore no special labelling will be required. The dark irony of King of England launching unlabelled biotech foods, animals and plants on citizens of his own country, is difficult to trump. Charles is already in conflict with the constitution of his country by standing shoulder to shoulder with Klaus Schwab in promoting the World Economic Forum’s ‘Great Reset’. One of the main objectives of which is to render nation states obsolete and to centralise all power within the control of a small despotic elite, whose stated intention is to make all private property illegal and to re-engineer human beings into Transhuman cyborgs. On May 6, 2023, at his coronation in London, Charles will be officially crowned monarch of the United Kingdom and its Commonwealth (colonies). A large empire. As the centre piece of the coronation ceremony, Charles will swear ‘The Coronation Oath’, essentially pledging his allegiance to the people of Great Britain and to protecting the sovereignty of the country and its traditions. Charles does not break his relationship with the World Economic Forum before this point, he will be performing an act of treason. The implications of this are profound. As yet, the British people have not woken up to their fate. But should the truth emerge of this singularly blatant hypocrisy, the future of the British monarchy will be dark indeed. The UK is officially recognised as a ‘constitutional monarchy’. With an unrevoked Common Law constitution stretching back to the Magna Carta of 1215, the true political power lies with the people and not with parliament, something which has been largely hidden from public knowledge. If there is to be a future king or queen, the country needs that person to exercise his/her right to stand up against the continual parliamentary usurpation of the people’s power. The people need a monarch with some guts, some wisdom and a genuine respect for truth. Someone who will use his time-honoured constitutional powers to block anti-life legislation like The Genetic Technology Precision Breeding Act 2023; thus setting a proper precedent for Great Britain’s ‘first among equals’ to act like a real King. *Please see this link for official UK government act. For short version scroll down to c.6, 2023 Chapter 6 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/6/pdfs/ukpga_20230006_en.pdf Julian Rose is an early pioneer of UK organic farming, a writer and international activist. He is co-founder of The Hardwick Alliance for Real Ecology https://hardwickalliance.org/ and President of the International Coalition to Protect the Polish Countryside. Julian is a strong defender of pro ecological and traditional small farmers and successfully led ‘The Campaign to Save Real Milk’ against two UK government’s attempts to ban it. To find out more and to learn about his books, visit www.julianrose.info https://activistpost.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3ac8bebe085f73ea3503bbda3&id=73db8652d5&e=12fa210b90 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 29 Author Share Posted March 29 5 Top Foods To Fight Cancer TOPICS:CancerGreenMedInfoNutrition MARCH 28, 2023 By GreenMedInfo Research Group The greatest ally against chronic disease may be found in your everyday diet, from fresh, raw fruits and vegetables to popular beverages such as coffee and green tea. Food is life and this couldn’t be truer elsewhere than in disease prevention. An estimated 42% of all cancers, for one, may be prevented by diet and lifestyle alone.[i] The numbers are likely to be even higher for some types of cancer. There’s increasing awareness of the power of food and herbs in preventing and helping to heal cancer. GreenMedInfo.com houses some of the biggest open-access databases on this topic, providing more than 10,000 studies on the value of nearly 1,000 natural substances for cancer. Following are some commonly available foods that are natural chemopreventive agents. Foods With Anticancer Properties 1. Fruits The consumption of fruit and vegetables has been linked to a reduced risk of cancer. According to a report from the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, foods containing vitamin C probably protect against esophageal cancer, with fruits in particular helping against gastric cancer.[ii] Similar findings were observed in a 2016 study that saw “a marginally decreased risk” of esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, along with a non-significant risk reduction in gastric cardia cancer, with each 100 grams (g) a day increase of citrus fruit intake. Consuming citrus fruits has also been tied to decreased bladder cancer risk.[iii] Results from a 2019 study offered strong evidence that higher fruit intake is negatively associated with the risk of lung cancer among both current and former smokers, while vegetable intake is linked to a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer in current smokers.[iv] A meta-analysis also showed a correlation between fruit and vegetable intake and a reduced risk of oral cancer.[v] 2. Cruciferous Vegetables The family of vegetables that includes cauliflower, cabbage, kale, broccoli and Brussels sprouts, is renowned for its outstanding action against cancer. Cruciferous veggies have been found to have anticancer properties, with research showing: A high intake was inversely associated with renal cell carcinoma risk among Americans, based on a meta-analysis[vi] A diet that includes cruciferous vegetables could be a crucial modifiable risk factor for ovarian cancer, the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women[vii] Consuming cruciferous vegetables was strongly associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer progression[viii] Consuming cruciferous vegetables may reduce lung cancer risk among men who currently don’t smoke[ix] 3. Turmeric A yellow substance from the root of the plant Curcuma longa, curcumin is the main active ingredient in the spice turmeric with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[x] Due to the role of oxidative damage in a range of conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, curcumin is believed to play an important role. Research from 2001 showed that curcumin is safe in humans at up to 8,000 milligrams (mg) a day when taken orally for three months, providing chemopreventive properties.[xi] Curcumin combined with turmerones, the essential oil components of turmeric, may be a powerful intervention to prevent inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in animal models.[xii] ” … TUR [turmerones, a bioactive compound in turmeric] is a novel candidate for colon cancer prevention. Furthermore, we consider that its use in combination with CUR [curcumin] may become a powerful method for prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis,” researchers wrote in a study published in Biofactors.[xiii] 4. Coffee It’s not only a morning pick-me-up but also a powerhouse against various types of cancer. A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies showed a link between coffee intake and a reduced risk of oral, pharynx, liver, colon, prostate and endometrial cancers, as well as melanoma.[xiv] There is also mounting evidence of the cancer-fighting properties of coffee against liver cancer.[xv] A prospective cohort study involving 30,824 subjects echoed the finding in its probe of whether coffee, green tea and caffeine are associated with liver cancer risk, showing that coffee consumption significantly reduced the risk, while the same association wasn’t observed for caffeine intake.[xvi] A separate study confirmed the inverse relationship between coffee intake and hepatocellular carcinoma risk, with the protective effect detected in healthy populations as well as those with chronic liver diseases.[xvii] In addition, researchers found that coffee consumption may prevent liver cirrhosis from developing. 5. Green Tea Green tea, another popular beverage around the world, scores high in chemoprevention. Among Chinese women, researchers concluded that higher intake of mushrooms slashed breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women and observed an additional reduced risk from the joint effect of mushrooms and green tea.[xviii] In a randomized clinical trial of brewed green and black tea in prostate cancer patients prior to prostatectomy, green tea induced changes in inflammation and systemic oxidation, and the uptake of its polyphenols in prostate tissue displayed a potential role worthy of further research in preventing and treating prostate cancer.[xix] In a population-based study, women who reported drinking at least one cup of green tea a day had a 54% reduction in ovarian cancer risk.[xx] Increased green tea consumption might even prove helpful in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer in those with unhealthy lifestyles.[xxi] You can discover more natural substances with chemopreventive properties on the GreenMedInfo.com database. https://activistpost.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3ac8bebe085f73ea3503bbda3&id=bafd01b1c8&e=12fa210b90 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted March 31 Author Share Posted March 31 Kimchi rules! Nasty Pesticide Broken Down by Probiotic Used In Culturing Food TOPICS:Food SafetyGut HealthPesticidesSayer Ji MARCH 30, 2023 By Sayer Ji Cultured food has a wide range of health benefits, but did you know that the microbes found within fermented food are capable of breaking down certain highly toxic chemicals in our gut? A compelling study published in Letters in Applied Microbiology shows that a commonly used food probiotic known as Lactobacillus plantarum is capable of degrading dangerous pesticide residues in wheat (pirimiphos-methyl), confirming the traditional fermentation-based food-processing technique known as culturing can significantly improve the safety of conventional food. The researchers found that Lactobacillus plantarum enhanced the degradation of the pesticide from 15-34%, a close to 81% enhancement. The significance and impact of the study was described as follows: “Pesticide residues are an unavoidable part of the environment due to their extensive applications in agriculture. As wheat is a major cultivated cereal, the presence of pesticide residues in wheat is a real concern to human health. Reduction in pesticide residues during fermentation has been studied, but there is a lack of data regarding pesticide residues dissipation during cereal fermentation. Present work investigates the dissipation of pirimiphos-methyl during wheat fermentation by L. plantarum. Results are confirmation that food-processing techniques can significantly reduce the pesticide residues in food, offering a suitable means to tackle the current scenario of unsafe food.” Conventional wheat and other commonly consumed grains receive post-harvest pesticide treatment to prevent their infestation during storage. [1] Very little degradation occurs during storage, and milling does not significantly reduce the bulk of the chemicals, but in fact results in the distribution of their residues in various processed products. This has raised particular concern in regard to the contamination of baby-food products containing cereal ingredients,[2] especially since wheat bound pesticides such as pirimiphos-methyl have been found to have high bioavailability in animals.[3] [4] The natural-health movement has long advocated for reducing the well-known antigenicity and allergenicity of cereal grains through sprouting, fermentation and culturing (e.g. the sourdough process in bread making), but this new finding sheds light on another way in which these traditional methods may reduce the bodily burden of not just natural (e.g. gluten, lectins) but manmade toxins, as well. Previous groundbreaking research has found that lactic acid producing (Lactobacilli) bacterial strains from the fermented cabbage-based Korean food known as kimchi are capable of degrading four different organophosphorous insecticides by using them as a source of carbon and phosphorous. [5] [6] In fact, probiotics have been found to potentially offset a wide range of modern-day toxic exposures, including Bisphenol A, chemotherapy, gluten, aspirin and sodium nitrate (See: 8 Ways Microbes Can Save Us From Ourselves). Ultimately, the best way to avoid pesticide exposure is to consume organically produced food, or better yet, biodynamically farmed food where no petrochemical inputs are used from the bottom up (soil to harvest). But, failing this increasingly difficult task to obtain entirely chemical-free food, it behooves us to recognize the value of food culturing and fermented food for our health. For additional information read The Amazing Healing Properties of Fermented Food. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 2 Author Share Posted April 2 Why Daily Greens are the Real Fountain of Youth Posted on: Monday, February 20th 2023 at 6:45 am Written By: GMI Reporter This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2023 You've heard it all your life: "Eat your greens". But did you know that eating just one cup of leafy greens each day makes your brain an average of 11 years younger than someone who skips them? Medical science has recently produced some of the most compelling evidence to-date encouraging us to eat those greens. New findings reveal that eating just one cup of leafy greens per day can take a whopping eleven years off a person's cognitive age and delay or even prevent the anticipated decline in mental performance that often occurs as we age. This information comes to light thanks to a branch study[1] that was conducted as part of the ongoing Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal, epidemiological study of common chronic brain conditions that develop during advanced age. The Rush Project's stated objective is "to identify the postmortem indices linking genetic and environmental risk factors to the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD)," as well as to identify factors associated with the maintenance of cognitive health.[2] The Rush Project, which started in 1997, was unique among previous studies of the aging brain, which often focused on specific population groups, due to the gender, race, and ethnic diversity of participants, as well as varying individual levels of educational attainment. According to the branch study's author, Dr. Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Rush, the researchers were looking for "effective strategies to prevent dementia," as the nation's oldest population groups swell in number and rates of dementia are seeing dramatic increases.[3] More than 1,000 elderly volunteers (mean age = 81 years) who were free from dementia, were selected from more than thirty residential facilities in the Chicago-metro area. Participants were given baseline evaluations and were subject to ongoing monitoring and examination. "Food frequency questionnaires" were given, assessing how often and in what quantities participants consumed greens such as kale, collards, lettuce, and spinach. Multiple cognitive tests were also performed for the purposes of analyzing changes to brain function, as well as identifying risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Diet, cognition, and memory skills were assessed annually for five years, with periodic follow-up taking place for an additional five years. More Greens Means a Younger Brain Researchers parsed the volunteers into one of five groups based on how much leafy green vegetables participants had consumed, from an average of slightly more than one serving (1.3 cups) per day on the high-end, to less-than-one (0.1 cup) serving per day on the low-end. You can probably guess which group experienced the least cognitive decline: the group that ate the most greens, of course! While all participants suffered some decline in cognition and memory test scores over the ten-year follow-up period, the rate of decline was slowed by nearly two-thirds among the most voracious leafy greens eaters, imbuing them with significantly "younger" brains. Specifically, cognitive performance of those who rarely or never ate greens declined at a rate of 0.08 standardized units per year, while those eating at least 1 cup per day declined at a mere 0.03 units per year, saving them around 11 years of cognitive aging, according to Dr. Morris. It is noteworthy to add that results remained valid after calculating for unrelated factors that can impact brain health, such as exercise, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and various social and dietary factors. Further research conducted by the group deduced that the neuroprotective properties of nutrients like phylloquinone, lutein, and folate, were the likely sources of the observed beneficial slow-down in brain aging.[4] Why Greens are a Fountain of Youth Exactly what is it about greens that makes them a literal fountain of youth? One of the primary explanations is the exceptional nutritional profile of most dark, leafy greens which includes an array of vitamins and phytochemicals that are increasingly scarce in the modern diet and are vital to proper cellular functioning, as well a gene expression. Readers of GreenMedInfo may not be surprised to learn what medical science has been slow to acknowledge: poor quality, inadequate nutrition lies at the root of most of the "Top 10" killer diseases in the United States. According to the Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's disease is the sixth-leading cause of death in the U.S.[5] While the aforementioned brain-boosting benefits from eating leafy greens can help stave-off dementia and AD, the health benefits that leafy vegetables impart extends well beyond the brain. Phylloquinone, acknowledged by Rush University researchers in the dementia study as an important neuroprotective agent, plays the role of vitamin K1 in the body, which is required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. Healthy blood flow and vasculature provide benefits throughout the body and perform vital roles in overall disease prevention. Green leafy vegetablesand vegetable oil are the only major dietary sources of vitamin K for humans,[6] with vegetable oil being a highly inferior source thanks to the prevalence of GMO canola (rapeseed) in modern vegetable oils. Another top-ten killer, cardiovascular disease, is attributed to one out of every four deaths in the United States.[7] Multiple studies have linked vascular disease to a decreased level of nitric oxide, an important molecule that is produced by the body when nitrates, prevalent in plant foods, are consumed. According to health researchers, maintaining adequate levels of nitric oxide in the body protects arteries and blood vessels, and can even reverse existing arterial damage. Nitric oxide helps maintain the contractility (ability of the heart muscle to contract) and health of vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide, in the form of nitrate, occurs at naturally high levels in leafy greens. Vegetables high in nitrate include celery, cress, chervil, lettuce, beetroot, spinach, and arugula.[8] A 2015 meta-analysisfound that daily intake of green leafy vegetables produced a nearly 20% reduction in risk for incidence of several types of cardiovascular disease. Eating adequate greens can therefore be a key strategy to ensuring a strong, vital heartbeat into the elder years. A high blood nitrate count provides yet another anti-aging benefit: it greatly enhances our cells' ability to utilize energy, creating a more efficient metabolism that effectively extends lifespan. Greens have been clinically shown to benefit patients facing "the Big C"--cancer, the second-leading killer in the U.S. after cardiovascular disease. While some doctors will recommend up to 3 cups of fruits and vegetables per day as part of a cancer-preventive strategy, a 2015 study found that neither citrus fruits nor cruciferous vegetables had the impact on bladder cancer risk that was observed with green leafy vegetables. Risk of bladder cancer went down with every serving size increase (0.2 c) each day, proving that you don't have to eat a lot to get BIG benefits. Brassica vegetables contain glucosinolates, responsible for the pungency we taste in greens and horseradish, which have been credited with reducing prostate cancer risk. Greens such as bok choy, cabbage, and mustard and collard greens are excellent sources of glucosinolates, whose metabolic breakdown products protect DNA from damage.[9] Diabetes takes the third spot for highest mortality rate in the United States, after a recent study attributed a significantly higher percentage of deaths to the disease than had previously been acknowledged.[10]Mustard greens have been widely studied, especially in India and countries that more openly acknowledge the power of nutrition to abate disease. They have been shown to prevent the development of insulin resistance in rats being fed a high-fructose diet, improve kidney function in diabetic rats, as well as possessing multiple blood sugar-lowering effects. Greens also contain the molecule chlorophyll, which has been found to increase the efficiency of energy production within our mitochondria, effectively allowing us to harvest the energy of the sun like plants and convert it into metabolic energy. Learn more about this remarkable discovery here. What Wheatgrass, Chlorophyll & Sunlight Can Do for the Body. If you want to add more reasons to the list of why you should be heaping greens onto your plate, there are more than 85 abstracts on GMI analyzing the potent and varied health benefits of green leafy vegetables. Consume them raw--in the case of tender lettuces, or saute them, as with kale, spinach, and mustard or collard greens. A light steaming has been shown to unlock their virtues, and even improve digestion and assimilation. Just get those greens into your diet each day, and enjoy your very own fountain of youth--for many years to come! https://greenmedinfo.com/blog/why-daily-greens-are-real-fountain-youth 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Talorgan Posted April 3 Share Posted April 3 https://www.globalresearch.ca/disbelief-green-king-gives-royal-assent-new-gene-breeding-technology/5813577 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
EnigmaticWorld Posted April 5 Share Posted April 5 On 4/3/2023 at 9:01 PM, Talorgan said: https://www.globalresearch.ca/disbelief-green-king-gives-royal-assent-new-gene-breeding-technology/5813577 Interesting but a bit rich coming from an outlet headed by a Neo-Soviet *** like Michel Chossudovsky. They won't show their hand in the enviro-communism agenda. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 5 Author Share Posted April 5 Contaminated Food Supply Contributing Cause To Live Blood Analysis Findings In Unvaccinated? Darkfield Blood Analysis On Grocery Meat Products Ana Maria Mihalcea, MD, PhD Apr 2 A colleague of mine, Dr. David Jernigantreats vaccine injured patients successfully in Tennessee. He called me after I posted the results on Infrared Spectroscopy and electrical conductivity of live blood and confirmed all of my findings. He shared with me, that a short time ago some family members were eating meat and got very ill from it. Dr. Jernigan had developed a method to capture the frequency from a vaccinated rubbery clot of a deceased person and has developed a scientific way for detecting that frequency. He checked his ill family member, who tested positive. Then he checked the meat they ate and it had the same frequency of the cadaver blood clot. Subsequently he went to his local grocery store and checked meat products, and both organic and inorganic beef meats had the same frequency emission. He wanted me to go buy meat at my grocery store and do live blood analysis on different products to confirm his findings. I have been wondering why I have been seeing every unvaccinated person in my office with contaminated blood. I have also seen an increasing amount of people with persistent severe diarrhea, that is lasting for months, but turns out to be negative when tested for ova and parasites or stool cultures for bacteria. I was suspecting vaccine shedding, chemtrail spraying, nasal swabs, masks, and contamination through synthetic biology named “ Covid and Long Covid”. Many are saying that what we are seeing in the blood are parasites, but they are not. They are self assembly hydrogel based synthetic life forms, more akin to microplastics but biologically engineered. This morning I went to a local grocery store and bought different meats that had some visible blood in the package that I could analyze. I was also curious about milk products. Here are my results: This is a milk product: It appears to me that our food supply - in particular animal products - is contaminated with similar structures we find in human blood. Dr. Jernigan did frequency testing on fruits and vegetables and did not get a positive signal. I encourage others to do the same research and replicate my findings. This would explain to me why I see these live blood structures in everyone. It does not matter if the products are organic or not. The next step is to find a local source and maybe do live blood analysis on cows or pigs. If they are contaminated even if unvaccinated, then this may be environmental, possibly via geoengineering spraying. The implications for humanity are profound. I asked my colleague Dr. David Nixon in Australia to replicate my findings, and we will ask Matt Taylor in Ecuador and Shimon Yanowitz in Israel. We need to verify these findings around the world. I will continue working with Dr. Jernigan. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 (edited) ^ Shit. So it doesn't matter whether you are vaxxed, pureblood, eat meat, veg or organic...... Did I read it correctly???? My assumption is shedding from the cattle handlers, butchers, fruit n veg pickers. But as long as you cook them, it should be destroyed which means no raw food, salad, smoothie, yoghurt etc. Consider everything is contaminated. Pray to god and live happily while you can and if you are still thinking about the dating app, you throughly belong to the happy camp already! Edited April 6 by DaleP Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 Quote It appears to me that our food supply - in particular animal products - is contaminated with similar structures we find in human blood. Dr. Jernigan did frequency testing on fruits and vegetables and did not get a positive signal. I encourage others to do the same research and replicate my findings. This would explain to me why I see these live blood structures in everyone. It does not matter if the products are organic or not. https://anamihalceamdphd.substack.com/p/contaminated-food-supply-contributing?utm_source=cross-post&publication_id=956088&post_id=112302260&isFreemail=true&utm_campaign=1103773&utm_medium=email So the base line is to become veggie is the safer option for now. No point in loading more of that ribbon by continue to eat meat. It might be too late but could slow down the progress. Last month, I came to term with not eating gluten.....now meat. Goodbye chickens, beef, pork pies..... I am off to join LGBTQ+ guys and girls where they are pro vegan. But I tell you, I won't be eating bugs. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 6 Author Share Posted April 6 27 minutes ago, DaleP said: ^ Shit. So it doesn't matter whether you are vaxxed, pureblood, eat meat, veg or organic...... Did I read it correctly???? My assumption is shedding from the cattle handlers, butchers, fruit n veg pickers. But as long as you cook them, it should be destroyed which means no raw food, salad, smoothie, yoghurt etc. Consider everything is contaminated. Pray to god and live happily while you can and if you are still thinking about the dating app, you throughly belong to the happy camp already! It seems that way. As sock has been banging on for the past god knows how long- it’s pervasive in the environment, ‘in’ everything. Don’t feel bad dale your doing well with your detox, keep going and keep getting healthier and wiser 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 6 Author Share Posted April 6 1 minute ago, DaleP said: So the base line is to become veggie is the safer option for now. No point in loading more of that ribbon by continue to eat meat. It might be too late but could slow down the progress. Last month, I came to term with not eating gluten.....now meat. Goodbye chickens, beef, pork pies..... I am off to join LGBTQ+ guys and girls where they are pro vegan. But I tell you, I won't be eating bugs. Yeah, I was all for a meat revival a couple of months ago, bought some quality beef, made a couple of tasty stews. Something didn’t sit right in me belly, felt a bit dumber, crankier, like I’d ‘lost’ somewhere along the way. Still eating chicken but now the precision breeding act is in place with the news of animal vaccination, plus this and similar articles, has made me question what I’m eating. Fish could be an option, even though it’s likely in that too. Fish have less exposure to ‘our’ environment, but are still exposed to all sorts of toxins from pollution. The sea has a way of clearing and cleansing. I could be wrong 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 4 minutes ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: It seems that way. As sock has been banging on for the past god knows how long- it’s pervasive in the environment, ‘in’ everything. Don’t feel bad dale your doing well with your detox, keep going and keep getting healthier and wiser It seems that's all we can at the moment, we are in the same boat and yes we will die one day but it doesn't settle well with me that we are being slowly killed. My rebellious heart wants to kick the groin of Fauci well hard before I kick my bucket..... Pity, if only killing solved everything....it doesn't! I need to call heaven and have a chat about this to see what they say. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyMhvkC3A84 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 1 minute ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: Yeah, I was all for a meat revival a couple of months ago, bought some quality beef, made a couple of tasty stews. Something didn’t sit right in me belly, felt a bit dumber, crankier, like I’d ‘lost’ somewhere along the way. Still eating chicken but now the precision breeding act is in place with the news of animal vaccination, plus this and similar articles, has made me question what I’m eating. Fish could be an option, even though it’s likely in that too. Fish have less exposure to ‘our’ environment, but are still exposed to all sorts of toxins from pollution. The sea has a way of clearing and cleansing. I could be wrong Not only nuclear wastes have been dumped into the UK sea, mercury etc Fukushima has just started to dump their 'decontaminated radiation water' into the sea this month. All is well. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 6 Author Share Posted April 6 Just now, DaleP said: It seems that's all we can at the moment, we are in the same boat and yes we will die one day but it doesn't settle well with me that we are being slowly killed. My rebellious heart wants to kick the groin of Fauci well hard before I kick my bucket..... Pity, if only killing solved everything....it doesn't! I need to call heaven and have a chat about this to see what they say. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyMhvkC3A84 So you’ll be waving a rainbow flag whilst sipping a soy latte? Fair enough! Just don’t go TOO far left, and please ask god when all this shit will be over 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 8 minutes ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: So you’ll be waving a rainbow flag whilst sipping a soy latte? Fair enough! If I join the LGBTQ+, I'll be a fake one....a mole. lol 8 minutes ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: Just don’t go TOO far left, and please ask god when all this shit will be over Yeah, that's a good question. If I get any insight, I'll come n share. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 6 Author Share Posted April 6 14 minutes ago, DaleP said: If I join the LGBTQ+, I'll be a fake one....a mole. lol Yeah, that's a good question. If I get any insight, I'll come n share. Hey just out of interest, have you tried any fermented foods yet? I really think they’ll help you. A good place to start would be kefir, any price from any supermarket. It tastes like cheesy milk but settles your stomach and gives you a clear head. I’ve been trying that along with my own kimchi, not proper kimchi but same principle. I used Savoy cabbage, onion, ginger, garlic and fish sauce- no chilli, fermentation going on for three weeks now. I eat a couple of spoonfuls a day. Recipe is on this thread a couple of pages back. It works a treat like kefir and settles everything down, clearer head, more at peace, digestion improves. Try it! 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 18 minutes ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: Hey just out of interest, have you tried any fermented foods yet? I really think they’ll help you. A good place to start would be kefir, any price from any supermarket. It tastes like cheesy milk but settles your stomach and gives you a clear head. I’ve been trying that along with my own kimchi, not proper kimchi but same principle. I used Savoy cabbage, onion, ginger, garlic and fish sauce- no chilli, fermentation going on for three weeks now. I eat a couple of spoonfuls a day. Recipe is on this thread a couple of pages back. It works a treat like kefir and settles everything down, clearer head, more at peace, digestion improves. Try it! I've been meaning to make Kimchi as I bought jars for it. Also eat some Natto Kinase but I guess I'm not doing everyday so it's not as effective. I think bacteria is the key somewhat...just gut feeelings. A black fungus even eats radiation apparently. Been thinking, another thing which you'd understand. If we are all vibrational beings rather than solid beings as it appear then we should be able to change something so that this havoc they are causing will be made ineffective theoretically. Lately I am exposed to a lot of this 'changing reality'...can't say much in details but it is intriguing....quite out of this world and stuff does exist. We tend to seek solution in 'science' but just like that video of Mathias, the mounted druid guy was able to light fire by saying 'ignite'...... we just need to know how to. I know we are going through a lot but what do you think we need right now out of all the things that we want like peace, love etc.... Do you think everyone needs, strength....hope to go one? I would like your opinion because I might be able to arrange something though not promising. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 6 Author Share Posted April 6 5 minutes ago, DaleP said: bacteria is the key somewhat...just gut feeelings That’s the best one I’ve heard in ages! 6 minutes ago, DaleP said: I've been meaning to make Kimchi as I bought jars for it. Also eat some Natto Kinase but I guess I'm not doing everyday so it's not as effective. I think bacteria is the key somewhat...just gut feeelings. A black fungus even eats radiation apparently. Been thinking, another thing which you'd understand. If we are all vibrational beings rather than solid beings as it appear then we should be able to change something so that this havoc they are causing will be made ineffective theoretically. Lately I am exposed to a lot of this 'changing reality'...can't say much in details but it is intriguing....quite out of this world and stuff does exist. We tend to seek solution in 'science' but just like that video of Mathias, the mounted druid guy was able to light fire by saying 'ignite'...... we just need to know how to. I know we are going through a lot but what do you think we need right now out of all the things that we want like peace, love etc.... Do you think everyone needs, strength....hope to go one? I would like your opinion because I might be able to arrange something though not promising. That’s very flattering but I’m pretty much clueless to what everyone needs. Maybe set up a spiritual warriors group, an online anonymous conglomerate of likeminded individuals to meditate and remote view the location of the ‘people’ causing all this harm, then target them for remote retribution? I’m sure the intelligence agencies and secret societies already do this, but with reverse intentions (depop, harm to human race) Get the feeling everyone already knows how to light the fire, it’s just a matter of remembering Wish I could be more help! 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
k_j_evans Posted April 6 Share Posted April 6 4 hours ago, LastOneLeftInTheCounty said: Hey just out of interest, have you tried any fermented foods yet? I really think they’ll help you. A good place to start would be kefir, any price from any supermarket. It tastes like cheesy milk but settles your stomach and gives you a clear head. You can make your own kefir really easily with any type of milk - I use goat. You buy grains for a few quid and they last, well, forever. Often sold on ebay. It used to be easy to get them gifted, but not so often available now it is trendy. You just put grains in a glass jar with milk, leave for a day (or two in cold weather) and then strain, and repeat. Been doing it for over 20 years 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
LastOneLeftInTheCounty Posted April 7 Author Share Posted April 7 10 hours ago, k_j_evans said: You can make your own kefir really easily with any type of milk - I use goat. You buy grains for a few quid and they last, well, forever. Often sold on ebay. It used to be easy to get them gifted, but not so often available now it is trendy. You just put grains in a glass jar with milk, leave for a day (or two in cold weather) and then strain, and repeat. Been doing it for over 20 years Sounds better than buying supermarket stuff. Thanks for that will give it a go Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaleP Posted April 7 Share Posted April 7 14 hours ago, k_j_evans said: You can make your own kefir really easily with any type of milk - I use goat. You buy grains for a few quid and they last, well, forever. Often sold on ebay. It used to be easy to get them gifted, but not so often available now it is trendy. You just put grains in a glass jar with milk, leave for a day (or two in cold weather) and then strain, and repeat. Been doing it for over 20 years Surely you can multiply from shop bought kefir drink? You could with yoghurt so why not? I didn't get on with kefir before, it brought on massive headache and never again. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
.jpg.8081a54a3b74a5d1823dfac966666137.jpg)
.jpg.594f0ef23288ec5ab04539b2f8a8dbd4.jpg)
Recommended Posts
Join the conversation
You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.