60 GHz

Riccardo Cuminetti · October 10, 2020

Hi, can anyone help me locate research articles showing the impairment of oxygen absorption by haemoglobin following irradiation by 60 GHz RF?
It is well known that oxygen in the air absorbs the radiation, but what happens to it after that, when it enters the lungs?
How long does the excited state last, will it reach the lungs and what parameter will prevent the binding to haemoglobin?

I am asked questions I would like to answer.

Suggestions welcome.

Riccardo

Macnamara · October 10, 2020

one study on a similar theme you might be interested in is this one:

2020 Jul 16;34(4).

doi: 10.23812/20-269-E-4. Online ahead of print.

5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells

M Fioranelli 1 , A Sepehri 1 , M G Roccia 1 , M Jafferany 2 , O Y Olisova 3 , K M Lomonosov 3 , T Lotti 1 3

Affiliations

PMID: 32668870
DOI: 10.23812/20-269-E-4

Abstract

In this research, we show that 5G millimeter waves could be absorbed by dermatologic cells acting like antennas, transferred to other cells and play the main role in producing Coronaviruses in biological cells. DNA is built from charged electrons and atoms and has an inductor-like structure. This structure could be divided into linear, toroid and round inductors. Inductors interact with external electromagnetic waves, move and produce some extra waves within the cells. The shapes of these waves are similar to shapes of hexagonal and pentagonal bases of their DNA source. These waves produce some holes in liquids within the nucleus. To fill these holes, some extra hexagonal and pentagonal bases are produced. These bases could join to each other and form virus-like structures such as Coronavirus. To produce these viruses within a cell, it is necessary that the wavelength of external waves be shorter than the size of the cell. Thus 5G millimeter waves could be good candidates for applying in constructing virus-like structures such as Coronaviruses (COVID-19) within cells.

Keywords: 5G technology; COVID-19; DNA; dermatologic antenna; inductor; millimeter wave.

Fixed Wireless Communications at 60GHz Unique Oxygen Absorption Properties

by Shigeaki (Shey) Hakusui, President, Harmonix Corporation

The demand for bandwidth is growing at a rapid pace. International Data Corporation projects that Internet commerce in the United States will grow from $74 billion in 1999 to $708 billion in 2003, with the number of computer users more than doubling from 81 million to 177 million in the U.S. alone. Due to the tremendous expected growth, reliable fiber optic networks must be installed quickly.

In the United States, less than five percent of all commercial office buildings have access to fiber cables. With the high costs to install physical fiber, up to $250,000 per mile, many stopgap techniques, including ISDN, DSL, satellite and microwave communications links, have been deployed to overcome this "last mile" challenge. However, these techniques pose only temporary solutions, as ISDN and DSL require bandwidth from physical mediums that were not designed for Internet use, and available licensed microwave frequencies, 900MHz to 40GHz, and satellite frequencies, 6GHz to 30GHz, are limited.

Short haul, high-density deployments of wireless communications devices are required in metropolitan areas and business parks throughout the United States. Most often, office buildings though not physically linked to the fiber backbone are within one half mile of a local fiber trunk. Wireless communication devices operating at higher frequencies, such as 60GHz, allow businesses to link to the fiber easily, without the cost and time delays associated with physical fiber installation.

Due to the increased bandwidth demands and the scarcity of microwave frequency allocations, the wireless communications industry is beginning to focus on higher, previously unallocated portions of the spectrum in the millimeter wave frequencies from 40GHz to 300GHz. Due to the high levels of atmospheric RF energy absorption, the millimeter wave region of the RF spectrum is not usable in long haul, wireless communications segments. However, for short haul, "last mile" segments, the expanded RF data bandwidth available in the millimeter wave region makes it ideal for interference free, fiber speed connectivity.

Figure 1 illustrates the atmospheric absorption for millimeter wave frequencies.
At the millimeter wave frequency of 60GHz, the absorption is very high, with 98 percent of the transmitted energy absorbed by atmospheric oxygen. While oxygen absorption at 60GHz severely limits range, it also eliminates interference between same frequency terminals.

Figure 1: Dry Atmospheric Absorption per Kilometer

The benefit of Oxygen absorption relative to frequency re-use is detailed in figure 2. Figure 2 illustrates the distance relationship between the 60GHz frequency reuse range, the green region, and the traditional range, the blue region. Oxygen absorption makes possible the same-frequency reuse within a very localized region of air space. Operation within the 60GHz millimeter wave spectrum enables very dense interference free deployment of same frequency radio terminals.

Figure 2: Frequency Reuse Source FCC Bulletin 70A

A 60GHz communications system must overcome the effects of oxygen absorption, 16dB/KM. In order to operate reliably at even short ranges, a very focused, narrow-beam antenna must also be employed to increase the level of signal available to the target receiver. This combination of oxygen absorption and narrow beam transmission enhances the security of the 60GHz radio link, minimizing the probability of unauthorized intercept.

https://www.rfglobalnet.com/doc/fixed-wireless-communications-at-60ghz-unique-0001

Macnamara · October 16, 2020

April 2020

Can 5G exposure alter the structure and function of hemoglobin, causing coronavirus patients to die from oxygen deprivation?

How does blood transport oxygen in the first place?

How, exactly, can all these patients be starved of oxygen when their lungs are technically working just fine? To understand one possible answer, you have to first understand how the blood carries oxygen. It’s way more fascinating than you might have supposed.

When functioning normally, 1 molecule of hemoglobin binds with 4 molecules of oxygen, using iron (Fe2+), forming oxyhemoglobin. But this binding is only achieved because of something called “partial pressure” which means the concentration of oxygen in the lung tissues is higher than the concentration of oxygen on the hemoglobin molecule (roughly stated, this is simplified somewhat), so the oxygen “leaps” to the hemoglobin in order to equalize the partial pressures across the chasm.

Hemoglobin-1-1

Image source: QSstudy.com

But 5G radiation alters the porosity of cell membranes, allowing some molecules or ionic elements to move more easily across those members, displacing other molecules (or soluble gasses such as carbon dioxide) that might normally make that leap. For example, it is well documented that 5G radiation causes “Voltage Gated Ion Channels” (VGIC), specifically with calcium ions (VGCC), causing cellular toxicity due to too much calcium entering the cell walls and poisoning the cells.

The research on this was published in Environmental Research — here’s the link — and reveals that 5G exposure not only alters cell permeability (porosity), but also releases peroxinitrites in the body. These are inflammation-producing molecules that ravage other healthy molecules circulating in the blood.

process-of-emf-damage-on-human-body-chart-1

How 5G radiation exposure alters the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen

Getting back to the oxygen question, the answer to why 5G radiation exposure may alter the function of hemoglobin is found in understanding the protein structure of hemoglobin itself.

Hemoglobin relies on something called the “heme group” which is a complex molecule with iron (FE 2+) in its center. This is surrounded by something called a “porphyrin ring” which is a cluster of unique structures (made of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen) that has a special affinity for other oxygen atoms. The ability for oxygen to “leap” onto this molecule in the lungs depends entirely on the structure (which also implies the ionic charges) of these complex molecules.

One thing to note in all this is that without the presence of histidine, a special protein, this heme group would have higher affinity toward carbon monoxide than oxygen, meaning the entire heme group would be occupied by carbon monoxide, blocking the absorption of oxygen. Thus, the histidine presence is critical for allowing the heme group to bind with oxygen. If you mess with histidine, you end up forcing hemoglobin to carry CO instead of O2, effectively creating oxygen deprivation in the blood.

This heme group, by the way, has special affinity for carbon dioxide, which allows the same molecule to carry CO2 out of the body’s cells and transport CO2 back to the lungs. Remember: The same hemoglobin molecule must carry both CO2 and O2 but at different times, and it must attract and then release those molecules at opposite times in order to rid the body of CO2 and nourish the body with O2. This is all accomplished with a delicate balance of proteins and protein folding.

The hemoglobin molecule itself is a miracle of nanotechnology. It transmorphs into two different structural states based on whether it’s carrying oxygen or not. In what’s called the “R-state,” this molecule is like a magnet for oxygen. When four oxygen atoms are bound, it becomes a highly stable structure (and appears red). Technically, the binding of a single molecule of oxygen (O2) increases the affinity toward oxygen on the three other oxygen sites, making the hemoglobin “mop up” four oxygen molecules very quickly. When it lacks oxygen, it changes to a “T-state” and appears blue, which is why low-oxygen blood has a blue color.

Hemoglobin-Iron-Heme-Group-600

The important thing to understand in all this is that any alteration of the delicate structure of hemoglobin will impair its ability to bind with oxygen.

Take a look at the hemoglobin molecule representation above, from APSUbiology.org, and note the heme groups which are positioned in four places across the molecule. The polypeptide chains are part of the transmorphing structure of the molecule that allows it to carry and release both CO2 and O2, depending on the partial pressures of the gasses at different locations in the body (lungs vs. other cells). Note carefully that any change in the structure of hemoglobin will cause it to stop functioning:

Increasing the permeability of the hemoglobin molecule — i.e. its affinity toward other soluble gasses such as carbon dioxide — will “occupy” the hemoglobin molecule with the wrong substances, making it unable to absorb oxygen because it is not presenting in its “R-state” by the time the heart pumps the blood back to the lungs.

Stated another way, anything that significantly alters the affinity of hemoglobin toward other soluble gasses (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or even ionic minerals in the blood) could “shut off” the ability of blood to carry oxygen by altering its atomic structure.

If you change the structure of the heme group, it no longer functions to transport oxygen. Because in the case of the heme group, the structure is the function. Perhaps this can only be appreciated by organic chemists, but this heme group is truly a miracle of nanotechnology.

Here’s a diagram of how iron, histidine, the heme group and O2 oxygen molecules interact with hemoglobin, which alters its structure depending on the “oxygenated” vs. “deoxygenated” forms: (via Biology.Kenyon.edu)

O2binding-600

Can 5G exposure alter the structure of hemoglobin by increasing its affinity toward other molecules which are not O2?

The real question in all this is best phrased as I have asked it above. I doubt that we are dealing with a phenomenon where 5G radiation exposures blocks the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen, but rather occupies the hemoglobin molecule with other elements that alter its structure and therefore its function, inhibiting its ability to bind with oxygen.

https://dreddymd.com/2020/04/09/can-5g-exposure-alter-the-structure-and-function-of-hemoglobin-causing-coronavirus-patients-to-die-from-oxygen-deprivation/

Edited October 16, 2020 by Macnamara

Macnamara · October 16, 2020

Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health☆

Author links open overlay panelMartin L.Pall

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.035 Get rights and content

Under a Creative Commons license

open access

Highlights

•: 7 effects have each been repeatedly reported following Wi-Fi & other EMF exposures.
•: Established Wi-Fi effects, include apoptosis, oxidat. stress &:
•: testis/sperm dysfunct; Neuropsych; DNA impact; hormone change; Ca2+ rise.
•: Wi-Fi is thought to act via voltage-gated calcium channel activation.
•: One claim of no Wi-Fi effects was found to be deeply flawed.

Abstract

Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with each such effect being documented in from 10 to 16 reviews. Therefore, each of these seven EMF effects are established effects of Wi-Fi and of other microwave frequency EMFs. Each of these seven is also produced by downstream effects of the main action of such EMFs, voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. While VGCC activation via EMF interaction with the VGCC voltage sensor seems to be the predominant mechanism of action of EMFs, other mechanisms appear to have minor roles. Minor roles include activation of other voltage-gated ion channels, calcium cyclotron resonance and the geomagnetic magnetoreception mechanism. Five properties of non-thermal EMF effects are discussed. These are that pulsed EMFs are, in most cases, more active than are non-pulsed EMFs; artificial EMFs are polarized and such polarized EMFs are much more active than non-polarized EMFs; dose-response curves are non-linear and non-monotone; EMF effects are often cumulative; and EMFs may impact young people more than adults. These general findings and data presented earlier on Wi-Fi effects were used to assess the Foster and Moulder (F&M) review of Wi-Fi. The F&M study claimed that there were seven important studies of Wi-Fi that each showed no effect. However, none of these were Wi-Fi studies, with each differing from genuine Wi-Fi in three distinct ways. F&M could, at most conclude that there was no statistically significant evidence of an effect. The tiny numbers studied in each of these seven F&M-linked studies show that each of them lack power to make any substantive conclusions. In conclusion, there are seven repeatedly found Wi-Fi effects which have also been shown to be caused by other similar EMF exposures. Each of the seven should be considered, therefore, as established effects of Wi-Fi.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300355#t0015

Riccardo Cuminetti · October 21, 2020

Very interesting stuff, thank you for the replies; However, I might have not phrased the question properly with:

'the impairment of oxygen absorption by haemoglobin following irradiation by 60 GHz RF' .

Maybe it would be better put as :

'How does the absorption of 60GHz by oxygen interfere with oxygen binding by haemoglobin, which is what I understand is being claimed?'
I am not talking about exposure of the body to 60 GHz, the statement seems to refer to the effect on the oxygen molecule itself.

I am still looking for studies on this, no luck so far.

oz93666 · October 21, 2020

34 minutes ago, Riccardo Cuminetti said:

Very interesting stuff, thank you for the replies; However, I might have not phrased the question properly with:

'the impairment of oxygen absorption by haemoglobin following irradiation by 60 GHz RF' .

Maybe it would be better put as :

'How does the absorption of 60GHz by oxygen interfere with oxygen binding by haemoglobin, which is what I understand is being claimed?'
I am not talking about exposure of the body to 60 GHz, the statement seems to refer to the effect on the oxygen molecule itself.

I am still looking for studies on this, no luck so far.

You can google search sentences , I just searched the part in bold above ..highlight the sentence , right click , and you have the option to search that sentence...

This is not a claim , it's hard science , the 60 Hz waves make the oxygen molecules in the lungs vibrate making it harder for hemoglobin to bond with ..

Think of a fish , when it wiggles it's harder to catch...

The specific details were in another thread ... effective search will get the scientific documents.

oz93666 · October 21, 2020

Just now, oz93666 said:

**

Edited October 21, 2020 by oz93666

Riccardo Cuminetti · October 21, 2020

Well, it's strange that hard science is so difficult to find - just one single experiment that nobody can mention?
Also, 60 GHz is strongly absorbed by tissues (penetration depth of a few mm) and it's doubtful that any significant intensity would reach the lungs, so if anything the oxygen would have to be in an excited state when it reaches the lungs through the bronchi. However, the excited state itself is likely to last a very short time and have decayed by the time the lungs have been reached, so where is the problem with haemoglobin? Very unlikely to be in the lungs.
If anything, something might happen in the surface capillaries, but that is not what the statement implies. I am afraid it looks more and more as an unproven claim.
Which is ok, it's fine to have hunches and then try to prove them, it shows we are thinking.
What does David say? Question Everything. I am doing just that.
The article on absorption by oxygen in tyhe air is neither here nor there, this has been known for a long time, no surprise.

oz93666 · October 21, 2020

35 minutes ago, Riccardo Cuminetti said:

Well, it's strange that hard science is so difficult to find - just one single experiment that nobody can mention?
Also, 60 GHz is strongly absorbed by tissues (penetration depth of a few mm) and it's doubtful that any significant intensity would reach the lungs, so if anything the oxygen would have to be in an excited state when it reaches the lungs through the bronchi. However, the excited state itself is likely to last a very short time and have decayed by the time the lungs have been reached, so where is the problem with haemoglobin? Very unlikely to be in the lungs.
If anything, something might happen in the surface capillaries, but that is not what the statement implies. I am afraid it looks more and more as an unproven claim.
Which is ok, it's fine to have hunches and then try to prove them, it shows we are thinking.
What does David say? Question Everything. I am doing just that.
The article on absorption by oxygen in tyhe air is neither here nor there, this has been known for a long time, no surprise.

Of course you're right to question everything Riccardo ... I've been searching and also come up with nothing ...

Even if it's true that hemoglobin in a test tube does not absorb excited oxygen well , that doesn't mean exposure to 60GHz will reduce oxygen in the body .. As you say 60GHz does not penetrate skin , and I doubt the oxygen stays excited for long before returning to normal ... no data on even this ...

So this is all just a myth that has got out of hand . People are so convinced 5G is bad ( and it is for many reasons) , they are too quick to believe.

Riccardo Cuminetti · October 26, 2020

Thank you oz93666 for making an effort to search - as you say, this does not change much about the dangers of the 5G development, it's just that if we know better about what is involved with evidence we can probably get more allies rejecting this intentional disaster and in the worst case (the installation going on) we might be able to protect ourselves in an appropriate way. Critics and 'skeptics' will take any chances we give them.

All the best, please let me know if you find something about this in the future.

DarianF · October 27, 2020

On 10/11/2020 at 8:42 AM, Riccardo Cuminetti said:

Hi, can anyone help me locate research articles showing the impairment of oxygen absorption by haemoglobin following irradiation by 60 GHz RF?
It is well known that oxygen in the air absorbs the radiation, but what happens to it after that, when it enters the lungs?
How long does the excited state last, will it reach the lungs and what parameter will prevent the binding to haemoglobin?

I am asked questions I would like to answer.

Suggestions welcome.

Riccardo

Hi Riccardo. I wish I could answer those specific questions for you, but it's beyond my current knowledge and expertise. However, my humble contribution to this thread would be the following article published in the International Journal of Environmental Research: '5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz' (Simkó & Mattsson 2019). In particular, I would draw attention to section 4.4. Knowledge Gaps and Research Recommendations, in which the authors state:

Quote

"Due to the contradictory information from various lines of evidence that cannot be scientifically explained, and given the large gaps in knowledge regarding the health impact of MMW in the 6–100 GHz frequency range at relevant power densities for 5G, research is needed at many levels. It is important to define exact frequency ranges and power densities for possible research projects. There is an urgent need for research in the areas of dosimetry, in vivo dose-response studies and the question of non-thermal effects."

In my amateur opinion, it seems there may be potential unknown health effects from 5G exposure. If I had to argue against the global introduction of 5G technology, I would do so on the basis of the precautionary principle; i.e. we are exposing the population to this new technology, but there are a number of health related research gaps that are yet to be scientifically explored.

Furthermore, when government/bureaucratic officials make blanket claims such as, "There is no evidence telecommunication technologies, such as 5G, cause adverse health impacts" (Murphy 2020), we should – at the very least – be skeptical.

DarianF · November 11, 2020

Credit to @Macnamarafor posting this video on another thread. Thought it should be relevant here too.

US Senator Blumenthal Raises Concerns on 5G Wireless Technology Health Risks at Senate Hearing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekNC0J3xx1w

Macnamara · November 18, 2020

In 1977, N.P. Zalyubovskaya published a study, "Biological effects of millimeter waves," in a Russian-language journal, "Vracheboyne Delo." The CIA declassified this paper in 2012.

The study examined the effects of exposing mice to millimeter radiation (37-60 GHz; 1 milliwatt per square centimeter) for 15 minutes daily for 60 days. The animal results were compared to a sample of people working with millimeter generators.

Here is a brief summary of the paper:

CIA+2012.JPG

1977+bioeffects+study.JPG

1977+bioeffects+study+animals.JPG

https://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html

Edited November 18, 2020 by Macnamara

lake · November 18, 2020

9 minutes ago, Macnamara said:

In 1977, N.P. Zalyubovskaya published a study, "Biological effects of millimeter waves," in a Russian-language journal, "Vracheboyne Delo." The CIA declassified this paper in 2012.

https://mdsafetech.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/biological-effects-of-millimeter-wavelengths.-zalyubovskaya-declassif-by-cia-1977-biol-eff-mm-waves.pdf

Riccardo Cuminetti · November 28, 2020

Thank you guys, very interesting stuff; it seems proof of effects of microwaves (and electromagnetic waves in general) on living organisms is more than verified, and it takes place through a variety of mechanisms, some understood and some not yet. However the issue in question is whether oxygen that has been exposed to a 60GHz irradiation

cannot be bound efficiently enough by haemoglobin to be transported to the cells needing it.
So far all these papers show negative effects on the cells themselves, some on the very haemoglobin, but not on this particular process.
There are enough other reasons to refuse this development.
So far I can only think that this statement has appeared because of an association like ' oxygen is being interfered with so that must be a problem' ; in a way it's like saying that water heated in a microwave oven cannot be absorbed by the gut (oops! I don't really know but I doubt it).

Also, even if it was the case, try and calculate how many oxygen molecules would be excited by a reasonable 60GHz RF intensity and what percentage of the available oxygen this would be (in the open) - would this be enough to cause oxygen deprivation symptoms?

(I haven't done it yet, but I think there would be enough free oxygen left over around).
Bottom line, I am absolutely against WiFi, routers, 5G (for other reasons as well) , I am just about running my computer and printer via cable and I don't use Facebook , Twitter etc. , my phone is mostly on airplane mode and I don't have an iPad; however if we want to make a scientific statement about this particular item I haven't seen any evidence yet.
By the way, a good site for some declassifed research on this is : https://archive.org/search.php?query=biological+effects+of+microwaves&page=2

Try it out, it's all free, it's a site with tons of digitized documents and out of copyright books.

All the best

Riccardo

P.S. Any of you in Kent possibly around Folkestone? I am trying to find other people to form a group for discussion/ what to do next.

Reptile hunter · December 13, 2020

On 10/11/2020 at 12:33 AM, Macnamara said:

one study on a similar theme you might be interested in is this one:

2020 Jul 16;34(4).

doi: 10.23812/20-269-E-4. Online ahead of print.

5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells

M Fioranelli 1 , A Sepehri 1 , M G Roccia 1 , M Jafferany 2 , O Y Olisova 3 , K M Lomonosov 3 , T Lotti 1 3

Affiliations

PMID: 32668870

DOI: 10.23812/20-269-E-4

Abstract

In this research, we show that 5G millimeter waves could be absorbed by dermatologic cells acting like antennas, transferred to other cells and play the main role in producing Coronaviruses in biological cells. DNA is built from charged electrons and atoms and has an inductor-like structure. This structure could be divided into linear, toroid and round inductors. Inductors interact with external electromagnetic waves, move and produce some extra waves within the cells. The shapes of these waves are similar to shapes of hexagonal and pentagonal bases of their DNA source. These waves produce some holes in liquids within the nucleus. To fill these holes, some extra hexagonal and pentagonal bases are produced. These bases could join to each other and form virus-like structures such as Coronavirus. To produce these viruses within a cell, it is necessary that the wavelength of external waves be shorter than the size of the cell. Thus 5G millimeter waves could be good candidates for applying in constructing virus-like structures such as Coronaviruses (COVID-19) within cells.

Keywords: 5G technology; COVID-19; DNA; dermatologic antenna; inductor; millimeter wave.

Copyright 2020 Biolife Sas. www.biolifesas.org.

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32668870/

Do you mind if I copy these links to my thread? I just want all my evidence in one place. Im in the process of opening up a case.

@Macnamara

Edited December 13, 2020 by Reptile hunter

Macnamara · December 13, 2020

3 hours ago, Reptile hunter said:

Do you mind if I copy these links to my thread? I just want all my evidence in one place. Im in the process of opening up a case.

@Macnamara

Go for it, its not my information! Its in the public domain

Reptile hunter · December 13, 2020

45 minutes ago, Macnamara said:

Go for it, its not my information! Its in the public domain

Just a heads up. All those articles have been retracted. I suggest that if anyone comes across research you should download the pdf and share them because hard evidence is the only way to beat this lawfully.

Edited December 13, 2020 by Reptile hunter

Macnamara · December 13, 2020

1 minute ago, Reptile hunter said:

Just a heads up. All those articles have been retracted.

which articles?

I'm looking at multiple threads at the same time at the moment. Can you post the titles of the retracted articles?

60 GHz

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News | April 10, 2001

Fixed Wireless Communications at 60GHz Unique Oxygen Absorption Properties

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Can 5G exposure alter the structure and function of hemoglobin, causing coronavirus patients to die from oxygen deprivation?

How does blood transport oxygen in the first place?

How 5G radiation exposure alters the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen

Can 5G exposure alter the structure of hemoglobin by increasing its affinity toward other molecules which are not O2?

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Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health☆

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