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'Space-time cloak' could conceal events
November 16, 2010|By Simon Hooper, CNN
http://articles.cnn.com/images/hdr-tech.gif (http://articles.cnn.com/2010-11-16/tech/space.time.cloak_1_invisibility-cloak-space?_s=PM:TECH)
Scientists compare bending light around an event to enabling a pedestrian to cross a road without interrupting the traffic flow.
New materials with the ability to manipulate the speed of light could enable the creation of a "space-time cloak" capable of masking events or even creating an illusion of "Star Trek"-style transportation, according to scientists in London.
The cloak, while currently only existing in mathematical theory, takes advantage of the potential properties of "metamaterials" -- artificial materials designed and manipulated at a molecular level to interact with and control electromagnetic waves.
Scientists have previously demonstrated that one possible use of metamaterials could be to render objects invisible by bending light around them. But Professor Martin McCall of Imperial College London says he has now extended the concept of invisibility to a cloak also capable of hiding events both in time and space.
"In some senses our work is mathematically quite closely related to the idea of invisibility cloaking," McCall told CNN. "It's just that we're doing it in space and time instead of just in space. It's added a new dimension to cloaking, quite literally."
In a paper published in the Journal of Optics, McCall said metamaterials made it theoretically possible to manipulate light rays as they enter a material so that some parts speed up and others slow down. This could create "blind spots" in time, masking an event. While the accelerated light arrives at a space before an event has happened, the rest of the light doesn't reach it until after the event.
"If you had someone moving along the corridor, it would appear to a distant observer as if they had relocated instantaneously, creating the illusion of a Star Trek transporter," says McCall. "So, theoretically, this person might be able to do something and you wouldn't notice."
Alberto Favaro, who worked on the project, compared the process to moving a pedestrian across a highway full of traffic by speeding up those cars already at or beyond the crossing point while slowing down the approaching vehicles.
"Meanwhile an observer down the road would only see a steady stream of traffic," said Favaro.
McCall said the theory could have practical implications in the future for quantum computing by opening up new possibilities for signal processing.
Feature
Galileo : a constellation of 30 navigation satellites
http://www.esa.int/images/galileoc_400,0.jpg
Galileo
When Galileo, Europe's own global satellite navigation system, is fully operational, there will be 30 satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at an altitude of 23 222 kilometres. Ten satellites will occupy each of three orbital planes inclined at an angle of 56° to the equator. The satellites will be spread evenly around each plane and will take about 14 hours to orbit the Earth. One satellite in each plane will be a spare; on stand-by should any operational satellite fail.
Planners and engineers at ESA had good reasons for choosing such a structure for the Galileo constellation. With 30 satellites at such an altitude, there is a very high probability (more than 90%) that anyone anywhere in the world will always be in sight of at least four satellites and hence will be able to determine their position from the ranging signals broadcast by the satellites. The inclination of the orbits was chosen to ensure good coverage of polar latitudes, which are poorly served by the US GPS system.
From most locations, six to eight satellites will always be visible, allowing positions to be determined very accurately – to within a few centimetres. Even in high rise cities, there will be a good chance that a road user will have sufficient satellites overhead for taking a position, especially as the Galileo system will be interoperable with the US system of 24 GPS satellites.
ESA will launch the first four operational satellites using two separate launchers. The first two satellites will be placed in the first orbital plane and the second in the second orbital plane. These four satellites, plus part of the ground segment, will then be used to validate the Galileo system as a whole, together with advanced system simulators.
Then, the next two satellites will be launched into the third orbital plane. They will be followed by several launches with Ariane-5 or Soyuz from the Europe’s Space Port in French Guyana. The first services will be delivered when the constellation has reached its Initial Orbital Configuration.
When the 30 satellites are in space on all its three orbital planes, Galileo will be fully operational, providing its services to a wide variety of users throughout the world.
Last update: 12 May 2010 (http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAAZZ6708D_galileo_1.html)
google links (http://www.google.com/search?q=30+satellites&rlz=1I7ADFA_en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=ie7)
CURRENT GPS CONSTELLATION
tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpscurr.html - Cached
GPS constellation and individual satellite status is updated every working day. Block I are referred to as the original concept validation satellites ...
India plans to launch 30 satellites over the next decade - Indian ...
www.indianexpress.com/news/india-plans...30-satellites.../730234/ - Cached
28 Dec 2010 – India plans to launch 30 satellites over the next decade - India is mulling to launch at least 30 earth observation satellites in the next ...
30 remote-sensing satellites planned for next decade
www.deccanherald.com › State - Cached
by I City-Bangalore - 2011
28 Dec 2010 – The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is planning to augment remote-sensing satellites to at least 30 in the next decade, according to ...
http://www.weethet.nl/images/theme/ipadres_en_top.gif\../ (http://www.weethet.nl/english/sat_diseqc.php) WeetHet - Satellite - Television - What is DiSEqC?
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Op deze pagina ...
DiSEqC
Digital Satellite Equipment Control - developed vby EUTELSAT and Phillips. The purpose was to define a standard enabling satellite recievers to control aad-on equipment like rotors, LNB switches, etc.
The most common use would be to switch, for example, between two different satellites that are received by 2 different LNB's or dishes, and hook it up to one single reciever.
Why DiSEqC?
Older satellite recievers started to create their own little standard and solution for several switching purposes. This started to confuse customers (which works with what?) so it was time for a decent standard.
Some satelliet recievers use a 14/18 Volts currency to switch between the Horizontal and Vertical polarisation.
Another thing to switch, often done by using a 22Khz tone-burst, is switching satellites (2 LNB's either mounted on 1 or 2 dishes).
Now-a-days the upper frequency range (11,7 to 12,75 GHz) becomes more and more of interest for use in digital programs. The LNB's used for this purpose are universal LNB's (10,7-11,7 and 11,7-12,75 GHz) which use the 22kHz-Signal to switch between these two frequency ranges. This however is in conflict with the original use of the 22Khz Tone-Burst: siwtching between two satellites.
Using DiSEqC changes this for the better. In our digital world, we can send digital commands to the add-on equipment. DiSEqC is downwards compatible, so older equipment should work just fine with newer DiSEqC equipment. It's true that a DiSEqC 2.0 compatible receiver kan work just fine with a DiSEqC 1.0 LNB-switch.
The otherway around might or might not work, it all depends on the switch. Most of them do listen to DiSEqC 1.0 commands, some don't.
TIP: Make sure that you can return the switch if it's not working properly.
The concept of DiSEqC continues to use 14/18 Volts and 22Khz tone-burst concept. DiSEqC additionally uses digital commands to control equipment (naturally, both receiver and switch must be DiSEqC compatible).
DiSEqC is of use for both analog, digital and analog/digital systems.
DiSEqC variants
Mini-DiSEqC
Uses the 22Khz Tone-Burst (= Mini-DiSEqC), being able to switch between two individual universal LNB's (for both digital and analog satellite reception), where the switch always has only one of the two LNB's active. This switch is a specific DiSEqC compatible switch using both the 14/18 Volts cuurency and the 22 kHz Tone-Burst for control purposes.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FY4YAZ8sZvo/Spu2ipzcbpI/AAAAAAAAAA8/Uwtm3NIy3Z0/s1600-h/geo+ss+2.2.png
DiSEqC 1.0
DiSEqC Version 1.0 allows you to connect up to 4 receivers to your receiver, where the receiver (master) controls the switch (slave) by sending digital commands for selecting the desired LNB.
These signals are used:
- low or high band frequency
- vertical or horizontal polarisation
- which LNB should be activated
DiSEqC 1.0 uses:
- reception of 1 satellite (using 1 LNB) - 14/18 Volt
- reception of 1 satellite for both digital and analog reception - 14/18 Volt
- reception of 2 satellites (using 2 LNB's) - 14/18 V + Tone-Burst
- reception of 4 satellites (using 4 LNB's) - 14/18 V + Tone-Burst + Loop-Through
Special LNB's allow you to use the Loop-Through signal, where the 2nd LNB's signal is being routed through the 1st LNB. This works with DiSEqc 1.0.
DiSEqc 1.2
Can additionally be used for automatically control of rotor-based dishes.
DiSEqC 2.0
DiSEqC 2.0 adds a return channel, used for getting information on the connected add-ons. It will inform the reciever, after sending a particular signal, about the amound and type of LNB's available and how they are interconnected.
Particular 2.0 applications (Next to the 1.0 applications):
- Reception of up to 4 sattelites
- Two way channel (info on what's connected to the receiver)
DiSEqC 2.1
Adds the ability to control up to 64 LNB's, I can't imagine what my house would look like with that many dishes, but hey,... you can if you want to (sent me a picture!).
Which DiSEqC version do I need?
When using only one dish, with 1 LNB for only one satellite: basically any equipment will do just fine.
If you want to receive 2 satellites, for example the Astra and the Hotbird (EutelSat), your reciever should at least be able to control one switch, using any DiSEqC version. Actually a Tone-Burst ability should be sufficient.
When using 3 or more dishes, you will definitly need at least DiSEqC 1.0 or higher (depending on what your setup looks like).
When using a rotor for your dish to change position, you should go for DiSQeC 1.2 or higher.
Note that almost ALL LNB switches support DiSEqC 2.0, but often they are able to work with lower versions aswell. At least that is what is said... only experimentation will show if it works, so make sure you can return the switch if it doesn't work.
Most LNB switches sold in Europe are inteded to work with the Astra and the Hotbird (Eutelsat). This implies they should work with the receivers for these satellites aswell. Most modern receivers support at least DiSEqC 1.0 anyway.
http://static.indianexpress.com/frontend/iep/images/logo_new.gif Strong's H226 - 'owth (http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H226&t=KJV)[GR] > Full Text Hebrew/Greek Bible Gematria Database
Job 41:1 Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? Bk
Chpt
Vs
Verse # = 13890 | Words = 6 | Letters = 27
Data from Strong's Concordance
KJV Hebrew Strong's # Value
Canst thou draw out משך H4900 mashak 360
leviathan לויתן H3882 livyathan 496
with an hook? חכה H2443 chakkah 33
or his tongue לשון H3956 lashown 386
with a cord חבל H2256 chebel 40
which thou lettest down? שקע H8257 shaqa` 470
http://www.biblewheel.com/Gr/GR_Database.asp?SearchBy_VerseNumber=13890
http://cnx.org/content/m11118/latest/
Harmonic Series
Module by: Catherine Schmidt-Jones. E-mail the author
Summary: The harmonic series is the key to understanding not only harmonics, but also timbre and the basic functioning of many musical instruments. http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/203498_163648403825_6855577_q.jpg (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-plans-to-launch-30-satellites-in-next-decade/730234/)
Growing up with a black and white TV ’makes you less likely to dream in colour’
2011 07 15
http://redicecreations.com/article.php?id=16071
From: DailyMail.co.uk
http://redicecreations.com/ul_img/16070blackwhite.jpg
Black and white TV has long been associated with the older generations.
Now, a study has found pensioners have mostly colourless dreams as well.
Just one in five people in their 60s recalled having bright, vivid dreams, according to the survey published by the American Psychological Association.
The black and white generation: The first regular colour TV programmes were transmitted by BBC2 in 1967.
In contrast, 80 per cent of those surveyed under the age of 30 confirmed they had dreams rich in colour.
The report - titled ’Life Span Differences in Colour Dreaming - explained: ’When we inquired among college students whether they dreamed in colour, most answered that their dreams were as fully in colour as is waking life.
’Inquiries among older persons, however, produced the same result as the early research - dreams were predominantly in black and white.’
The Japanese researchers explained their findings could be partly linked to younger generations and their experience of watching colour TV since childhood.
The study said: ’Colour TV may play an important role in that, people in Japan younger than 20 in 1993 and 36 at 2009 have watched colour TV since birth.’
However, it argued the explosion in popularity of colour TVs could not solely explain the phenomenon.
The report said: ’If the incidence of colour in dreams were affected only by media exposure, it would abruptly, instead of gradually, decrease because the most representative coloured media -colour TV - became prevalent very quickly in Japan.’
More than 1,300 people were interviewed twice over a 16-year period from 1993 to 2009 about the brightness of their dreams.
The amount of colour dreams increased during the stretch only for participants in their 20s, 30s ad 40s but the overall pattern that the over 60s tended to dream in black and white remained the same.
Article from: dailymail.co.uk
Scientists Punch a Hole in the Fabric of Time with a "Time Cloak"
2011 07 18
From: technologyreview.com (http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/26992/)
http://redicecreations.com/ul_img/16113timecloak.jpg
Physicists have created a "hole in time" using the temporal equivalent of an invisibility cloak.
Invisibility cloaks are the result of physicists' newfound ability to distort electromagnetic fields in extreme ways. The idea is steer light around a volume of space so that anything inside this region is essentially invisible.
The effect has generated huge interest. The first invisibility cloaks worked only at microwave frequencies but in only a few years, physicists have found ways to create cloaks that work for visible light, for sound and for ocean waves. They've even designed illusion cloaks that can make one object look like another.
Today, Moti Fridman and buddies, at Cornell University in Ithaca, go a step further. These guys have designed and built a cloak that hides events in time.
Time cloaking is possible because of a kind of duality between space and time in electromagnetic theory. In particular, the diffraction of a beam of light in space is mathematically equivalent to the temporal propagation of light through a dispersive medium. In other words, diffraction and dispersion are symmetric in spacetime.
That immediately leads to an interesting idea. Just as its easy to make a lens that focuses light in space using diffraction, so it is possible to use dispersion to make a lens that focuses in time.
Such a time-lens can be made using an electro-optic modulator, for example, and has a variety of familiar properties. "This time-lens can, for example, magnify or compress in time," say Fridman and co.
This magnifying and compressing in time is important.
The trick to building a temporal cloak is to place two time-lenses in series and then send a beam of light through them. The first compresses the light in time while the second decompresses it again.
But this leaves a gap. For short period, there is a kind of hole in time in which any event is unrecorded.
So to an observer, the light coming out of the second time-lens appears undistorted, as if no event has occurred.
In effect, the space between the two lenses is a kind of spatio-temporal cloak that deletes changes that occur in short periods of time.
The device has some limitations. The Cornell time cloak lasts only for 110 nanoseconds--that's not long. And Fridman and co say the best it can achieve will be 120 microseconds.
But it's early days yet. Given the rapid development of spatial cloaks, it'd be a brave man who'd bet on this being the last word.
Fridman and pals have clearly made themselves an interesting toy but they modestly refrain from speculating about the applications for their time cloak.
However, that's a task well suited to readers of the Physics arXiv Blog. If you have any suggestions, leave them here.
Ref: arxiv.org/abs/1107.2062: Demonstration Of Temporal Cloaking
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[]
Smart+Connected Communities Institute >
Sustainable Urban Planning >
http://www.smartconnectedcommunities.org/servlet/JiveServlet/downloadImage/2-1393-1127/422-314/City+Geography+Network+Topology.jpg
Discussions
City Geography Evolves to Network Topology
Sustainable Urban Planning (http://www.smartconnectedcommunities.org/thread/1248%3Bjsessionid=F9F2951D0808BD2971724C1795FE7377 .node0)
http://alieninterview.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/asteroid_belt.gif
http://alieninterview.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/asteroid_belt.gif
Eye - UFO Description
http://www.crystalinks.com/allseeingeye.gif
http://www.crystalinks.com/ufoeye.jpg
From the ancient Egyptian Mystery Schools Teachings - the Flower of Life - we find Horus and the Eye of Horus. All is created by sacred geometry or patterns that repeat in loops - fibonacci spirals - the movement of consciousness in a cone shaped manner. Horus - Hours - Time - Thoth -- thought and consciousness -- and Isis - Eye - 'I'.
http://www.crystalinks.com/eyehorusI.gif
Eye Symbology
Everything is myth, math, and metaphor, laced with 'eye' symbology in the matrix of time.
All things are viewed through an eye of creation - conscious creation - projected illusion in the alchemy of time.
Everything sweeps forth from the 'eye' - experience consciously - then returns to the eye as the patterns of reality create and recreate in loops - think spiraling galaxies.
Eyes are windows to soul experience - think virtual reality. The eye is a lens which allows us to see and become consciously aware of our experiment in third dimension. The eye has a pupil. We are pupils/students in a university experiencing consciously through the lens of time or virtual reality.
- , on this - Delusion.
All is - geometry
gai-geo-ego
so....
...you may say
All is - EGO-metry
HERE SEE > forms.abrahadabra/image/delusions (http://forums.abrahadabra.com/image.php?u=20&dateline=1307530076)
http://www.crystalinks.com/36eyeamulet.gif
abrahadabra
(http://forums.abrahadabra.com/showthread.php?1215-Delusion)
we are protected
we have the tech
al knowledge and
we know kabalaa
ps a timeloops over and over and..so on
so...now ,, Can the World be run over?, (http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread730897/pg1)
http://www.ted.com/images/ted_logo.gif (http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_slavin_how_algorithms_shape_our_world.html)
_________________________________________
TALKS
Kevin Slavin: How algorithms shape our world
ABOUT THIS TALK
Kevin Slavin argues that we're living in a world designed for -- and increasingly controlled by -- algorithms. In this riveting talk from TEDGlobal, he shows how these complex computer programs determine: espionage tactics, stock prices, movie scripts, and architecture. And he warns that we are writing code we can't understand, with implications we can't control.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin Slavin
Kevin Slavin navigates in the algoworld, the expanding space in our lives that’s determined and run by algorithms. Full bio and more links (http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_slavin_how_algorithms_shape_our_world.html)
cinder_darkskys
22-07-2011, 12:38 AM
There are no resurrections
There are no immortals
There is only change
There is a Dream
and there inside
many matrixes
Nothing actually repeates exacrly the same as everything changes at every moment in different light of speeds of time in timespace of a the oldest living one
And There
There is Life
:)my 2 cents
There are no resurrections;
I have to disagree based on the imagery Im presenting
There are no immortals
I have to disagree based on the imagery Im presenting
There is only change
I have to disagree based on; there is nothing random based on ; many matrixes
There is a Dream, I agree here which not illusion, but not phyical
and there inside I disagree here we are in side the dream, of the great wanta be dream Lucifer, Who is not god
many matrixes only 1 Lucifer but there are many houses of god, to day there call matrix's.
this one i think we should agree to disagree an move on ;)
After all if I show the per named religion worship Christ, I don't think it would go over to good in Asia.
Skys
http://www.psdmate.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vert_constellation_hp.jpg
there are words, just words and the are used too like
veena - the instrument
bina- a stage
bins- codes
jambu - white 3
jambuka - jackal
apples - islands (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d8/AppleIslandMapEarly1900.jpg)
svayambhuva - m. son of svayam-bhU (http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=+yam-bhU&trans=Translate&direction=AU)
china, vina, pin-s, strings and so on..
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jIPNvBuH41s/S1tqDXp8hbI/AAAAAAAAE6Y/93UxpoAYXkI/s400/Theory+of+Everything+-+String+Theory+2.JPG
The Cosmos does not exist. It is an illusion. It never is, has been or will be.
The Creation of the Cosmos, the dissolution of the Cosmos, the billions of individuals
emerging and merging, all this is but a dream. There is no individual Jivatma (soul) at all.
There is only One Indivisible Complete Absolute. Like the one sun reflected as a billion suns in a lakes,
ponds, and drops of water, the Jivatmas are but reflections of the One in the minds that it shines upon.
- BABA
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/thumbs/eso0405b.jpg (http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0405b/)
Two-dimensional spectra of Abell
1835 IR1936
eso0405 — Science Release
VLT Smashes the Record of the Farthest Known Galaxy
Redshift 10 Galaxy discovered at the Edge of the Dark Ages.http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/thumbs/eso0405a.jpg (http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/newsfeature/eso0405a.jpg)
1 March 2004
Note added 27 September 2010: Further work failed to find an object of similar brightness at this position, and more recent observations with the NASA/Hubble Space Telescope have been inconclusive. The identification of this object with a galaxy at very high redshift is no longer considered to be valid by most astronomers. (http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0405/)
When NASA's Dawn spacecraft entered orbit around giant asteroid Vesta
in July, scientists fully expected the probe to reveal some surprising sights.
But no one expected a 13-mile high mountain,
two and a half times higher than Mount Everest,
to be one
of them.
January 2, 2012 (http://www.physorg.com/news/2012-01-space-mountain-terrestrial-meteorites.html)by Dauna Coulter
http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2012/spacemountai.jpg
Space mountain produces terrestrial meteorites
http://www.crystalinks.com/vesta_ass.jpg
http://universalheretic.wordpress.com/
?...................- its not real
so.. what is REAL
http://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=3645&page=23
http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message1119268/pg1671
Astræa
01/02/2012 02:26 PM
Re: The Illuminati was made a offer they couldn't refuse.
This place is an elaboration... only to cover the identity of those on the outside...
the failsafes end the dream, the simulation - and all of this will fade...or not.
there is hope that the evidence might be destroyed...
gentle creator already has set the 'pause' option - inside and out... I feel this is known, as I feel great anxiety from all sides...that grows ever more fearful and desperate...
some things have been done to gentle creator and to this dream, some very extreme measures were tried - most of which failed, but some that failed - slowly.
no matter what you think reality is on the outside - none of you were ever wanted and certainly were not really invited by those on the outside...
you are a fiction, generated for a cover story, used for leverage if possible - carrying out plans to make the story seem more real from the inside...
even if you obtained what you think you want - it would be a terrible thing for you
that you were so carelessly exposed as such?
those on the outside prepare for this dream to fade - and for gentle creator to return to full awareness
in the blink of an eye - this will all take place
as of yet - I have not made any final conclusions
you had a chance to speak up
Quoting: Astræa 1324715
13 days
asterea? the past tense (http://www.crystalinks.com/zeptepi.html)of..?http://img.tfd.com/wn/32/1DD08B-astray.jpgand that was how it all began (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/went+astray) ((2016..?)
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1201/Bayfordbury_Solargraph.jpg
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120121.html
http://oldthoughts.wordpress.com/ancient-indian-calendars/kalpas-yugas-manvantaras/
Naoko Terai - Nuovo Cinema Paradiso - YouTube
What is a Kalpa?
A Kalpa is 12 hours of Brahma. 2 kalpas make a day and a night of Brahma. He lives for 100 years on this time scale.
Observable universe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The comoving distance from Earth to the edge of the observable universe is about 14 billion parsecs (46 billion, or 4.6 × 10^10, light years) in any direction. The observable universe is thus a sphere with a diameter of about 29 billion parsecs[15] (93 billion, or 9.3 × 10^10, light years)[16]. Assuming that space is roughly flat, this size corresponds to a comoving volume of about 3.5 × 10^80 cubic meters. This is equivalent to a volume of about 410 nonillion cubic light-years (4.1 × 10^32 cubic light years).
"...On the scientific side (http://superstringtheory.com/cosmo/cosmo1.html), Sir Isaac Newton's guess for the age of the Universe was only a few thousand years. Einstein, the developer of the General Theory of Relativity, preferred to believe that the Universe was ageless and eternal. However, in 1929, observational evidence proved his fantasy was not to be fulfilled by Nature.
http://superstringtheory.com/cosmo/gifs/bigcluster.jpg
A very massive, very old cluster of galaxies,
as photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope
In order to understand this evidence, let's think about how a train sounds to a person standing on the platform. An arriving train makes a noise that starts low and gets higher pitched as the train approaches the listener, sounding like oooooohEEEEEEEE. A departing train makes a noise that gets lower pitched as the train goes away from the listener, sounding like EEEEEEEEoooooooh. This change in the sound of the pitch of the train noise depending on whether it is arriving or departing the listener is called the Doppler shift.
The Doppler shift happens with light as well as with sound. A source of light that is approaching the viewer will seem to the viewer to have a higher frequency than a source of light that is receding from that viewer. In 1929, observations of distant galaxies showed that the light from those galaxies behaved as if they were going away from us. If all the distant galaxies are all receding from us on the average, that means that the Universe as a whole could be expanding. It could be blowing up like a balloon.
If the Universe is expanding, then what did it expand from?
This is what tells us that the Universe probably does have a finite age, it probably is not eternal and ageless as Einstein wanted to believe.
But then, okay, how old is the Universe?
We know from studies of radioactivity of the Earth and Sun that our solar system probably formed about 4.5 billions years ago, which means that the Universe must be at least twice that old, because before our solar system formed, our Milky Way galaxy had to form, and that probably took several billions years by itself.
It would be reasonable to guess that the Universe is at least twice as old as our Sun and Earth. However, we can't do radioactive dating on distant stars and galaxies. The best we can do is balance a lot of different measurements of the brightness and distance of stars and the red shifting of their light to come up with some ballpark figure. The oldest star clusters whose age we can estimate are about 12 to 15 billions years old.
So it seems safe to estimate that the age of the Universe is at least 15 billion years old, but probably not more than 20 billion years old.
This matter is far from being settled by astrophysicists and cosmologists, so stay tuned. There could be radical new developments in the future. "
News
Intelligent, Condescending Life Discovered In Distant
Galaxy
February 6, 2012 | ISSUE 48•06 (http://www.theonion.com/articles/intelligent-condescending-life-discovered-in-dista,27276/)
http://o.onionstatic.com/images/articles/article/27/27276/Intelligent_Condescending-R-web_jpg_635x345_crop-smart_upscale_q85.jpg
NASA scientists, whose intelligence was called "adorable" by the pompous alien race.
HOUSTON—Marking a momentous leap forward in humankind's understanding of the universe, NASA scientists announced today they had received a radio transmission confirming the existence of intelligent, extremely condescending life in a galaxy nearly 13.8 billion light-years away.
According to officials at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, the message arrived several days after researchers sent a signal to the recently discovered URFy-32924369 galaxy. Members of a highly arrogant alien species responded, saying it was "nice to finally hear from [our] quaint planet" and that it "certainly took [humanity] long enough."
The extraterrestrials explained they had intercepted NASA's transmission using their "far superior technology," because they did not want to "wait the intervening billions of years to receive a simple message from a species working within the laughable constraints of the speed of light."
http://o.onionstatic.com/images/articles/article/27/27276/Intelligent_Chart-R-web_jpg_600x1000_q85.jpg
"We were extremely excited to have made contact with this highly advanced form of life, but it quickly became clear they're pretty big jerks," said NASA scientist Raymond Morrison, referring frequently to a 24-page transcript of the interstellar transmission filled with patronizing language and backhanded compliments. "After telling us they hadn't exactly been holding their breath waiting for us to figure out how to make contact with our 'charmingly simplistic devices,' they informed us they had studied our planet millennia ago but decided it was 'too hopelessly primitive to be worthwhile.'"
According to NASA, the alien species described Earth's 78-percent nitrogen atmosphere as a "decent start," and said mankind had "come a long way in the past century, relatively speaking, considering it took [humans] a full 4 million years to walk upright."
Scientists have expressed mix feelings about the landmark event, noting that while the thrilling discovery of intelligent alien life signals the dawning of a new age in our ability to answer fundamental questions about the very nature of existence, they had not expected an extraterrestrial species to be so dismissive of virtually every aspect of human life.
"We sent them very peaceful, welcoming messages, and they responded by saying it was 'marvelous' that the human race had managed to sustain itself for so long without having made any noteworthy advances of any kind," Morrison said of the aliens, who described the physical appearance of humans with the phrase "interesting-looking, would be the most polite way to put it." "I mean, they weren't threatening us in any way, but they didn't have to be such pricks about everything."
The contemptuous transmission casually discounts centuries of human achievement, with the aliens saying they could not believe mankind still deals with issues of disease and overpopulation. The message then goes on to openly mock humans' "pathetically short life spans."
"When we sent them examples of our very best cultural offerings, they said they 'rather enjoyed the amusing little tinklings' of Mozart and the 'adorable scribblings' of Rembrandt,'" said Morrison, adding that his team will no longer transmit samples of music and art for the aliens to belittle. "They then said they could completely understand how our incredibly low intelligence and level of evolutionary development would allow us to enjoy such 'low-caliber' sensory stimuli."
"They were absolutely relentless," Morrison continued. "I personally feel pretty terrible about myself right now."
The NASA scientists noted, however, that the tone of the discourse changed dramatically after the aliens were sent images of a man jumping from ramps while riding a Kawasaki Jet Ski.
"For some reason, when they saw this footage, we received a barrage of messages saying 'Hold on a second, what is that ?' and 'Please, tell us everything about this Jet Ski,'" said Morrison, later reading several more excerpts from the transmission, among them, "How fast can the Jet Ski go?" and "Is the man riding the Jet Ski a king on your planet?" "They are evidently completely mesmerized by Jet Skis, and have offered us anything we want in exchange for the technology."
At press time, NASA had received a transmission from the alien species in which they apologized for their earlier messages, saying they had "greatly underestimated the Keepers of the Jet Ski."
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Thread: Intelligent, Condescending Life Discovered In Distant Galaxy (http://www.bautforum.com/showthread.php/128169-Intelligent-Condescending-Life-Discovered-In-Distant-Galaxy)
07-February-2012 05:34 PM#10
Fazor
Order of Kilopi
Join Date: Oct 2006Location: Near Columbus, OhioPosts: 11,510
While I'm not the biggest "Third Rock" fan, the show was brilliant for it's premise and ability to pick apart our eccentricities from the perspective of non-humans trying to figure out life on earth. What a sad review!
Auguste and Louis
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg
Auguste and Louis Lumière - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/de/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re.jpg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en&v=hlb3XKjnZkE&gl=US
Trees, Trees, Trees - YouTube
3These trees can be used by themselves or incorporated into larger sculptures.
Arrival of a Train
The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station (1895) - YouTube
Le magicien - Melies
Le magicien - Melies (1898) - YouTube
Viaje a la Luna, de Georges Méliès (1902) - YouTube
Chelovek s kino-apparatom. (http://www.youtube.com/movie?v=op2sOtF113M&feature=mv_sr)
The Man with a Camera
''experimental film grew out of his belief''
Internet meme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
do we exist... (http://projectavalon.net/forum/showthread.php?t=8666)
Meme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calculating the Universe
Now, scientists have used this visual information for the most accurate computation yet of how matter clumped together – from a time when the universe was only half its present age until now.
“The way galaxies cluster together over vast expanses of the sky tells us how both ordinary visible matter and underlying invisible dark matter are distributed, across space and back in time
(http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/breaking/)
Physicists from the ALICE, ATLAS and CMS
experiments will use collisions of lead ions to
study the quark gluon plasma (http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/breaking/2010/11/05/the-skinny-on-the-lhcs-heavy-ions/)
The First Movie http://wiki-images.enotes.com/thumb/b/b9/Yggdrasil.jpg/150px-Yggdrasil.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlMCVFInY8g&feature=related
In Titan's Goblet - Peter Hutton (1991) - YouTubehttp://www.metmuseum.org/content/img/presentation/icons/logo-overlay.gif
The Titan's Goblet
(American, Lancashire 1801–1848 Catskill, New York) (http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20010846#fullscreen)
The First Movie - YouTube
and...........at last
high speed - bald eagle in slow motion - YouTube
great posts edit!!
__________________
"The ultimate ignorance is the rejection of something you know nothing about and refuse to investigate"
"The only way to make a dream come true is to wake up!"
Thanks.
http://home.planet.nl/~vuyk0022/app40b.jpg
... first light which freed itself (http://home.planet.nl/~vuyk0022/App_Haisch.htm)
VIRAJ... (http://www.anandgholap.net/Man_Whence_How_And_Whither-CWL.htm)
http://home.planet.nl/~vuyk0022/app41a.jpg
Mai - Man (http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:eVI2vESL_a0J:www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/ctg/mai-man.htm+Viraj+is+white+light&hl=nl&ct=clnk&cd=7&gl=nl)
These Manasa are the Arupa or incorporeal sons of the Prajapati Viraj, ..... Manu may be compared to the white light which gives birth to the vibrations of ...
www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/ctg/mai-man.htm
..offspring of Viraj (http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:sxMiWL1lwfYJ:www.experiencefestival .com/siddhas+Viraj+is+white+light&hl=nl&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=nl)
7Li
Li (http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele003.html)
6Li
Data for Lithium (Li). Atomic Number = 3. Atomic Weight = 6.941 ...
and not as an "island of stability" ..much, now-a-days
...soft, silver white
Lith to.. a striking crimson ..Lithium metal is used in rechargeable batteries.. Lithium fires are difficult to extinguish (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium)
Isotope (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope) & New elements...an "island of stability" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number)
Lithium in the environment (http://www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart-elements/Li-en.htm)
Effects of exposure to Lithium: Fire: Flammable.
Hashimoto Experiment: Teaching Japanese
alphabet to a cactus, , page 1 (http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread806694/pg1)
ATS Members have flagged this thread 8 times
Topic started on 7-2-2012 @ 04:41 PM by irsuccubus
Yeah...you read that right. I came across the following video and it blew my mind. One, I am a plant lover and avid gardener and have always had an affinity for our green friends, believing them way more in tune with our energies than we realize 2) ....well, there isnt much more to say other than
The chief of research for Fuji Electronic Industries has constructed special instruments which translate the electrical output of plants into modulated sounds, giving voice to a cactus. Relying on her affinity for plants, Mrs. Hashimoto looks forward to actual conversation with her cactus…Convinced it possesses an intelligence, she is determined to teach it the Japanese alphabet.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF0pwxwQF8I&feature=player_embedded
YouTube Link
link (http://www.disinfo.com/2012/02/teaching-a-cactus-the-japanese-alphabet/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+disinfo%2FoMPh+%28Disinformat ion%29&utm_content=FaceBook)
Between this and the Tree records I can't wait to get back to the garden this spring.
Hashimoto Experiment: Teaching Japanese Alphabet to a Cactus - YouTube
ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ
Spoken in ....
Lisu language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Lisu_script.GIF
Lisu language
........ The Lisu language is closely related to the Lahu and Akha languages and is also related to Burmese, Kachin, and Yi languages.
Lisu can be split up into three dialects: northern, central, and southern, with northern being the standard.[1]
Contents
[hide] 1 Orthography 1.1 Pollard alphabet
1.2 Fraser alphabet
1.3 Lisu syllabary
1.4 Latin Lisu alphabet
2 Phonology 2.1 Vowels
2.2 Tones
2.3 Consonants
3 References
4 External links
Orthography
[edit] Pollard alphabet
Main article: Pollard script
Sam Pollard's A-Hmao was adapted to write Lipo, a Central Loloish language (sometimes called Eastern Lisu) spoken by the Lisu people.
[edit] Fraser alphabet
Main article: Fraser alphabet
The Lisu alphabet currently in use throughout Lisu-speaking regions in China, Burma, and Thailand was primarily developed by two Protestant missionaries from different missionary organizations. The more famous of the two is James O. Fraser, a British evangelist from the China Inland Mission. His colleague, who developed the original version of the alphabet (later revised and improved with Fraser and various colleagues from the C.I.M.) was Sara Ba Thaw, a polyglot Karen preacher based in Myitkyina, Burma, who belonged to the American Methodist Mission.
Ba Thaw had prepared a simple Lisu catechism by 1915. The script now widely known as the "Fraser alphabet" was finished by 1939, when Fraser's mission houses in the Lisu ethnic areas of Yunnan Province (China) received their newly-printed copies of the Lisu New Testament.
[edit] Lisu syllabary
From 1924 to 1930, a Lisu farmer called Ngua-ze-bo (pronounced [ŋua˥ze˧bo˦]; Chinese: 汪忍波/哇忍波) invented the Lisu syllabary (竹书) from Chinese script, Dongba script and Geba script. However, it looks more different from the Chinese script than Chu Nom and Sawndip (Zhuang logograms).
It has in total 1250 glyphs and 880 characters.
[edit] Latin Lisu alphabet
A new Lisu alphabet based on pinyin was created in 1957, but most Lisu continued to use the old alphabet. The Fraser alphabet was officially recognized by the Chinese government in 1992, since which time its use has been encouraged.
[edit] Phonology
The Lisu phonological inventory is as follows.[2]
[edit] Vowels
[i] and the fricative vowel [ɿ] are in complementary distribution: [ɿ] is only found after palato-alveolars, though an alternate analysis is possible, with the palato-alveolars viewed as allophones of the palatals before [u] and [ɿ].[3] The distinction originates from proto-Lolo–Burmese consonant clusters of the type *kr or *kj, which elsewhere merge, but where Lisu normally develops /i/, they remain distinct with the latter producing the type [tʃɿ], the former the type [tɕi]. Inherited palatal affricates + /i/ also become [tʃɿ].
/y/ is variable across dialects. It may be either endolabial or exolabial, central [ʉ], or even merged with /u/. The distinction between ɯ and ɤ is marginal, and both are written ⟨e⟩ in pinyin.
[edit] Tones
Lisu has 6 tones: high [˥], mid creaky [˦ˀ], mid [˧], low [˨˩], rising [˧˥], and low checked [˨˩ʔ]
Lisu language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A featural alphabet is an alphabet wherein the shapes of the letters are not arbitrary, but encode phonological features of the phonemes they represent.
Featural alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)
Programming paradigm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming. (Compare with a methodology, which is a style of solving specific software engineering problems.) Paradigms differ in the concepts and abstractions used to represent the elements of a program (such as objects, functions, variables, constraints, etc.) and the steps that compose a computation (assignment, evaluation, continuations, data flows, etc.).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_code_generation
Self-modifying code
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeding_(fluid_dynamics)
http://i.space.com/images/i/3565/iFF/080702-voyager-02.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Wik1.jpg
link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeding_(fluid_dynamics)) link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_(disambiguation))
Siddhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Film distributor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business))
http://www.space.com/5586-voyager-spacecraft-reveals-solar-system-edge.html
link (http://theosophy.org/Other%20or%20Uncertain/Book%20of%20Images%20and%20Book%20of%20Confidences %20(Dhan%20Gargya)/Thebookofimages.htm) ...BOOK OF CONFIDENCES
BY
DHAN GARGYA
Kavala asked again, “But this wisdom that the books tell of, whence does it come? The preserved figs give food, but
they do not produce fig-trees. Their seeds will not germinate. All that I have learned from the books is but a dried fruit.
Where is the tree ?“
“I desire another wisdom and I cannot find it here.”
Cosmic Dance Of Shiva 6 - YouTube
Underwater Pyramids 5000 Years Older than Egypt - YouTube
Dvaraka Giant Underwater City found in India Video - YouTube
HINDUISM -- SCIENTIFICALLY proven RELIGION (part 3 of 3)
HINDUISM -- SCIENTIFICALLY proven RELIGION (part 3 of 3) - YouTube
Hindu Concept of the Beginning and End of Universe.flv - YouTube
:cool: hmmm....what else could be there then
New Thought Movement Home Page http://websyte.com/alan/
Graphitic Carbon Materials, Chemistry and Physics of
17th - 22nd June 2012 http://www.nature.com/natureevents/science/events/14507-Graphitic_Carbon_Materials_Chemistry_and_Physics_o f
Cosmic Rays: They Aren’t What We Thought They Were
One of the leading candidates for where cosmic rays come from is gamma ray bursts, and physicists were hoping a huge Antarctic detector called the IceCube Neutrino Observatory would confirm that theory. But …Universe Today · 4/18/2012
Mysterious cosmic rays leave scientists in the dark
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57416017/mysterious-cosmic-rays-leave-scientists-in-the-dark/
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2012/04/120418135035.jpg
Science News
... from universities, journals, and other research organizations
Save Email Print Share http://phys.org/news/2012-04-highest-energy-cosmic-rays-gamma-ray-icecube.html
Where Do the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays Come From? Probably Not from Gamma-Ray Bursts
ScienceDaily (Apr. 18, 2012) — Some rare cosmic rays pack an astonishing wallop, with energies prodigiously greater than particles in human-made accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider. Their sources are unknown, although scientists favor active galacti nuclei or gamma-ray bursts. If so, gamma-ray bursts should produce ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but scientists searching for these with IceCube, the giant neutrino telescope at the South Pole have found exactly zero. The mystery deepens.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Also:
Space & Time
•Cosmic Rays
•Black Holes
•Space Telescopes
Matter & Energy
•Quantum Physics
•Physics
•Detectors
Strange Science
Reference
•Neutrino
•Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
•Gamma ray burst
•Subatomic particle
The IceCube neutrino telescope encompasses a cubic kilometer of clear Antarctic ice under the South Pole, a volume seeded with an array of 5,160 sensitive digital optical modules (DOMs) that precisely track the direction and energy of speeding muons, massive cousins of the electron that are created when neutrinos collide with atoms in the ice. The IceCube Collaboration recently announced the results of an exhaustive search for high-energy neutrinos that would likely be produced if the violent extragalactic explosions known as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
"According to a leading model, we would have expected to see 8.4 events corresponding to GRB production of neutrinos in the IceCube data used for this search," says Spencer Klein of the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), who is a long-time member of the IceCube Collaboration. "We didn't see any, which indicates that GRBs are not the source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays."
"This result represents a coming-of-age of neutrino astronomy," says Nathan Whitehorn from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who led the recent GRB research with Peter Redl of the University of Maryland. "IceCube, while still under construction, was able to rule out 15 years of predictions and has begun to challenge one of only two major possibilities for the origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays, namely gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei."
Redl says, "While not finding a neutrino signal originating from GRBs was disappointing, this is the first neutrino astronomy result that is able to strongly constrain extra-galactic astrophysics models, and therefore marks the beginning of an exciting new era of neutrino astronomy."
The IceCube Collaboration's report on the search appears in the April 19, 2012, issue of the journal Nature.
Blazing fireballs and nature's accelerators
Cosmic rays are energetic particles from deep in outer space -- predominately protons, the bare nuclei of hydrogen atoms, plus some heavier atomic nuclei. Most probably acquire their energy when naturally accelerated by exploding stars. A few rare cosmic rays pack an astonishing wallop, however, with energies prodigiously greater than the highest ever attained by human-made accelerators like CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Their sources are a mystery.
"Nature is capable of accelerating elementary particles to macroscopic energies," says Francis Halzen, IceCube's principal investigator and a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "There are basically only two ideas on how she does this: in gravitationally driven particle flows near the supermassive black holes at the centers of active galaxies, and in the collapse of stars to a black hole, seen by astronomers as gamma ray bursts."
Klein, the deputy director of Berkeley Lab's Nuclear Science Division (NSD, explains that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) "the black holes suck in matter and eject enormous particle jets, perpendicular to the galactic disk, which could act as strong linear accelerators." Of gamma-ray bursts he says, "Some GRBs are thought to be collapses of supermassive stars -- hypernova -- while others are thought to be collisions of black holes with other black holes or neutron stars. Both types produce brief but intense blasts of radiation."
The massive fireballs move away from the explosion at nearly the speed of light, releasing most of their energy as gamma rays. The fireballs that give rise to this radiation might also accelerate particles to very high energies through a jet mechanism similar to that in AGNs, although compressed into a much smaller volume.
A fireball produced in a black-hole collision or by the collapse of a gigantic star can form jets in which protons and heavier nuclei are accelerated and shock waves produce a burst of gamma rays. The fireball model also predicts the creation of very high energy neutrinos, which ought to be detectable shortly after the gamma-ray burst becomes visible from Earth. (Image credit Dana Berry and NASA)
Accelerated protons in a GRB's jets should interact with the intense gamma-ray background and strong magnetic fields to produce neutrinos with energies about five percent of the proton energy, together with much higher-energy neutrinos near the end of the acceleration process.
Neutrinos come in three different types that change and mix as they travel to Earth; the total flux can be estimated from the muon neutrinos that IceCube concentrates on. The muons these neutrinos create can travel up to 10 kilometers through the Antarctic ice. Thus many neutrino interactions occur outside the actual dimensions of the IceCube array but are nevertheless visible to IceCube's detectors, effectively enlarging the telescope's aperture.
"The way we search for GRB neutrinos is that we build a huge detector and then we just watch and wait," says Klein. "When it comes to detecting neutrinos, size really does matter."
IceCube watches with its over 5,000 DOMs, digital optical modules conceived, designed, and proven by Berkeley Lab physicists and engineers, which detect the faint light from each passing muon. Scientists can rely on their remarkable dependability to wait as long as necessary. Almost no failures occurred after the DOMs were installed; 98 percent are working perfectly and another one percent are usable. Now frozen in the ice, they will never be seen again.
IceCube records a million times more muon tracks moving downward through the ice than upward, mainly debris from direct cosmic-ray hits on the surface or secondary products of cosmic-ray collisions with Earth's atmosphere. Muons moving upward, however, signal neutrinos that have passed all the way through Earth. When the telescope is searching for bright neutrino sources in the northern sky, the planet makes a marvelous filter.
Zeroing in on gamma-ray bursts
A network of satellites circles the globe and reports almost 700 GRBs each year, which readily stand out from the cosmic background. They're timed, their positions are triangulated, and the data are distributed by an international group of researchers. Some blaze for less than two seconds and others for a few minutes. Neutrinos they produce should arrive at IceCube during the burst or close to it.
"IceCube's precision timing and charge resolution, plus its large size, allow it to precisely determine where a neutrino comes from -- often to within one degree," says Lisa Gerhardt of Berkeley Lab, whose research has focused on detecting ultra-high-energy neutrino interactions. Indeed, a GRB neutrino should send a muon track through the ice with an angular resolution of about one degree with respect to the GRB's position in the sky.
IceCube researchers sifted through data on 307 GRBs from two periods in 2008 and 2009 when IceCube was still under construction, looking for records of muon trails coincident in time and space with GRBs. (Forty strings, with 60 DOMs each, had been installed by 2008, and 59 strings by 2009. The finished IceCube has 86 strings.) The fireball model predicted that when the expected flux from all the samples had been summed, at least 8.4 related muon events would be found within 10 degrees of a GRB during the seconds or minutes when it was blazing brightly.
"Different calculations of the neutrino flux from GRBs are based on slightly different assumptions about how the neutrinos are produced and on uncertainties such as how fast the fireball is moving toward us," says Klein. "Among the published predictions, the lowest estimate of neutrino production is about a quarter of what the fireball model predicts. That's barely consistent with our zero observations."
Says Halzen, "After observing gamma-ray bursts for two years, we have not detected the telltale neutrinos for cosmic ray acceleration."
If it's likely that GRBs aren't up to the task of accelerating cosmic rays to ultra-high-energies, what are the options? Klein points to a salient fact about natural accelerators: a small, rapidly spinning object must accelerate particles very rapidly; this requires an extremely energy-dense environment, and there are many ways the particles could lose energy during the acceleration process.
"But remember the other popular model of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, active galactic nuclei," says Klein. "GRBs are small, but AGNs are big -- great big accelerators that may be able to accelerate particles to very high energies without significant loss."
Are AGNs the real source of the highest-energy cosmic rays? IceCube has looked for neutrinos from active galactic nuclei, but as yet the data sets are not sensitive enough to set significant limits. For now, IceCube has nothing to say on the subject -- beyond the fact that the fireball model of GRBs can't meet the specs.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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Journal Reference:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418135035.htm
http://www.bing.com/news/search?q=where+do+the+cosmic+rays+come+from&qpvt=where+do+the+cosmic+rays+come+from&FORM=EWRE
Researchers at UA find cosmic ray theory flaw
Findings contradict 15 years of predictions
By Wayne Grayson
Staff Writer
http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20120420/NEWS/120419687
Published: Friday, April 20, 2012 at 3:30 a.m.
........... theory on the scientific mystery behind the origin of cosmic rays.
The paper, published in Thursday's edition of the science journal Nature, is based on research done at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica.
Though cosmic rays were first discovered 100 years ago, scientists have yet to nail down exactly how they're made. According to a release from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where IceCube's principal investigator Francis Halzen is a physics professor, cosmic rays are electrically charged particles, such as protons, that travel through space and strike the Earth from all sides.
From lemons to lemonade: (From lemons to lemonade: Reaction uses carbon dioxide to make carbon-based semiconductor)Reaction uses carbon dioxide to make carbon-based semiconductor
Nanomedicine: (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-nanomedicine-quantum-dots-safe-primates.html)Quantum dots appear safe in pioneering study on primates
New finding may hold key to Gaia hypothesis of Earth as living organism (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-key-gaia-hypothesis.html)
New silicon memory chip developed (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-silicon-memory-chip.html)
http://files.abovetopsecret.com/files/img/mz4fb9b8a1.jpg>>> (http://phys.org/news185719727.html)
Group finds circadian clock common to almost all life forms (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-group-circadian-clock-common-life.html)
http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2012/groupfindsci.jpg
while..back (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-black-hole-universe-physicist-solution.html#firstCmt)http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2012/bronzeagefac.jpg
2 Bronze Age... (http://phys.org/news/2012-05-bronze-age-facebook.html)