dalem
01-05-2010, 12:38 AM
Chemical Buffers and Water Softeners
Buffers: Some chemicals have a property of maintaining the pH of
a substance they are added to. If the substance becomes more acidic,
the buffer ingredient shows its alkaline side and neutralizes the acid.
If the substance becomes more alkaline, the acid side of the buffer
neutralizes it.
Water Softeners: Water softening agents lock up the calcium and magnesium in hard water so that they don't interfere with soaps and detergents.
There will be others not mentioned here.
Aminomethyl Propanol
Synonyms
AMP 0 AMP-95 0 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol o isobutanolamine 0
amino-2-methylpropanol o hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine
Uses
AMP is used as an emulsifier and a buffering agent. It controls the
water solubility of the resin film in hairsprays, and makes the finished
film more resistant to humidity.
AMP forms a gel with long-chain acrylic polymers.
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
Synonyms
Sodium pyrophosphate• TSPP • tetrasodium diphosphate
Uses
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a pH buffer (a substance that
maintains a particular acidity level), and as a dough conditioner in
soy-based meat alternatives. It promotes binding of proteins to water,
binding the soy particles together, and is used for the same purpose
in chicken nuggets and imitation crab and lobster products.
It also is used in toothpastes, as a buffer, an emulsifier, and a detergent
aid. It is the "tartar control" agent. It removes calcium and magnesium
from the saliva, so they can't deposit on the teeth.
It is a thickening agent in instant puddings.
It is a water softener in detergents, and an emulsifier to suspend
oils and prevent them from redepositing on clothing in the wash. As
a water softener, it combines with magnesium to sequester it from the
detergent and keep it from precipitating onto clothing.
Phosphoric Acid
Uses
Phosphoric acid is used in soft drinks, jams, jellies, and cheeses to add
a tart (acid) flavor.
The sodium salt of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate
(NaH2P04), is weakly acidic, and is used with sodium bicarbonate to
make baking powders. Other acids used in baking powder are fumaric
acid and tartaric acid.
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Synonyms
Sodium EDTA• calcium EDTA
Uses
Sodium or calcium EDTA binds to metals, such as nickel, copper, and
iron, making them unavailable to react with other ingredients in a
product, or with compounds in the human body.
EDTA sequesters calcium and magnesium from hard water, preventing
them from forming insoluble soap films (scum) with soaps
and detergents.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate, pentasodium
pentetate, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium
etidronate, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid
Synonyms
Pentasodium pentetate • (( (carboxymethyl)imino)bis( ethylenenitrilo)
)tetraacetic acid• pentasodium salt
Uses
Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid is used in soaps as a water softener,
and to protect dyes and perfumes from combining with metals
in solution.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium etidronate,
and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Tetrasodium Etidronate
Synonyms
Tetrasodium (l-hydroxyethylidene) bisphosphonate
Uses
Tetrasodium etidronate is used as a water softener in soaps to prevent
soap scum and bathtub rings by locking up the calcium and magnesium
in the water.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, and tetrasodium
pyrophosphate.
Sodium Carbonate
Synonyms
Soda• soda ash• washing soda
Uses
Sodium carbonate is used in detergent formulas as a water softener,
to lock up calcium and magnesium from the water. Calcium and magnesium
would otherwise combine with the soap or detergents and
form an insoluble scum that would stick to the clothes and the washing
machine.
Compounds with similar functions are pentasodium pentetate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium etidronate,
and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Buffers: Some chemicals have a property of maintaining the pH of
a substance they are added to. If the substance becomes more acidic,
the buffer ingredient shows its alkaline side and neutralizes the acid.
If the substance becomes more alkaline, the acid side of the buffer
neutralizes it.
Water Softeners: Water softening agents lock up the calcium and magnesium in hard water so that they don't interfere with soaps and detergents.
There will be others not mentioned here.
Aminomethyl Propanol
Synonyms
AMP 0 AMP-95 0 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol o isobutanolamine 0
amino-2-methylpropanol o hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine
Uses
AMP is used as an emulsifier and a buffering agent. It controls the
water solubility of the resin film in hairsprays, and makes the finished
film more resistant to humidity.
AMP forms a gel with long-chain acrylic polymers.
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
Synonyms
Sodium pyrophosphate• TSPP • tetrasodium diphosphate
Uses
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is used as a pH buffer (a substance that
maintains a particular acidity level), and as a dough conditioner in
soy-based meat alternatives. It promotes binding of proteins to water,
binding the soy particles together, and is used for the same purpose
in chicken nuggets and imitation crab and lobster products.
It also is used in toothpastes, as a buffer, an emulsifier, and a detergent
aid. It is the "tartar control" agent. It removes calcium and magnesium
from the saliva, so they can't deposit on the teeth.
It is a thickening agent in instant puddings.
It is a water softener in detergents, and an emulsifier to suspend
oils and prevent them from redepositing on clothing in the wash. As
a water softener, it combines with magnesium to sequester it from the
detergent and keep it from precipitating onto clothing.
Phosphoric Acid
Uses
Phosphoric acid is used in soft drinks, jams, jellies, and cheeses to add
a tart (acid) flavor.
The sodium salt of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate
(NaH2P04), is weakly acidic, and is used with sodium bicarbonate to
make baking powders. Other acids used in baking powder are fumaric
acid and tartaric acid.
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Synonyms
Sodium EDTA• calcium EDTA
Uses
Sodium or calcium EDTA binds to metals, such as nickel, copper, and
iron, making them unavailable to react with other ingredients in a
product, or with compounds in the human body.
EDTA sequesters calcium and magnesium from hard water, preventing
them from forming insoluble soap films (scum) with soaps
and detergents.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate, pentasodium
pentetate, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium
etidronate, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid
Synonyms
Pentasodium pentetate • (( (carboxymethyl)imino)bis( ethylenenitrilo)
)tetraacetic acid• pentasodium salt
Uses
Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid is used in soaps as a water softener,
and to protect dyes and perfumes from combining with metals
in solution.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium etidronate,
and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
Tetrasodium Etidronate
Synonyms
Tetrasodium (l-hydroxyethylidene) bisphosphonate
Uses
Tetrasodium etidronate is used as a water softener in soaps to prevent
soap scum and bathtub rings by locking up the calcium and magnesium
in the water.
Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, and tetrasodium
pyrophosphate.
Sodium Carbonate
Synonyms
Soda• soda ash• washing soda
Uses
Sodium carbonate is used in detergent formulas as a water softener,
to lock up calcium and magnesium from the water. Calcium and magnesium
would otherwise combine with the soap or detergents and
form an insoluble scum that would stick to the clothes and the washing
machine.
Compounds with similar functions are pentasodium pentetate,
sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, tetrasodium etidronate,
and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.